1. Human Sexuality Between the ages of 9-17 children go through puberty, which marks the beginning of adolescence Between the ages of 9-17 children go through puberty, which marks the beginning of adolescence Puberty refers to the physical changes that occur during adolescence. Puberty refers to the physical changes that occur during adolescence. During puberty, secondary sex characteristics appear, and the reproductive structures mature. During puberty, secondary sex characteristics appear, and the reproductive structures mature. During puberty, both boys and girls will grow quickly, perspire more, have body odor, and develop oily skin and some pimples. During puberty, both boys and girls will grow quickly, perspire more, have body odor, and develop oily skin and some pimples.

2. Human Sexuality Puberty occurs as a result of the release of male and female hormones into the bloodstream. Puberty occurs as a result of the release of male and female hormones into the bloodstream. Testosterone – male hormone Testosterone – male hormone Estrogen and progesterone – female hormones Estrogen and progesterone – female hormones Male and female hormones are responsible for the physical, emotional, and social changes that occur. Male and female hormones are responsible for the physical, emotional, and social changes that occur.

3. Physical Changes The development of sex characteristics The development of sex characteristics Primary sex characteristics are directly related to the production of the reproductive cells – sperm for males, and ovum for females Primary sex characteristics are directly related to the production of the reproductive cells – sperm for males, and ovum for females Secondary sex characteristics – body hair in both males and females Secondary sex characteristics – body hair in both males and females –Females - the development of breasts and widening of the hips –Males - the broadening of the chest and the deepening of the voice

4. Concerns over physical changes As people reach puberty, there is great variation in the size and shape of people of the same age As people reach puberty, there is great variation in the size and shape of people of the same age Girls can be much taller than boys Girls can be much taller than boys Boys voices can “crack” – due to an increase in the size of the larynx Boys voices can “crack” – due to an increase in the size of the larynx Hands and feet may appear large and awkward Hands and feet may appear large and awkward Testes & breast may vary in size Testes & breast may vary in size

5. Mental changes Brain reaches its adult size and weight Brain reaches its adult size and weight Cognition – the act or process of knowing, (including both awareness and judgment) and memory both increase. Cognition – the act or process of knowing, (including both awareness and judgment) and memory both increase. You are able to predict the outcomes of many situations – you look at different ways of problem solving You are able to predict the outcomes of many situations – you look at different ways of problem solving

6. Your ability to think logically, or think things out, increases Your ability to think logically, or think things out, increases You can understand someone else’s point of view You can understand someone else’s point of view New interests will develop and career goals may begin to come into focus New interests will develop and career goals may begin to come into focus

7. Emotional changes Strong emotional feelings can come to the surface Strong emotional feelings can come to the surface You can experience mood swings, sulking and crave privacy You can experience mood swings, sulking and crave privacy You may have difficulty in letting others know how you are feeling. You may have difficulty in letting others know how you are feeling.

8. Male Reproductive System During puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to begin producing the male sex hormone, testosterone. During puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to begin producing the male sex hormone, testosterone. Testosterone causes the production of sperm – male reproductive cell Testosterone causes the production of sperm – male reproductive cell The two main biological functions of the male reproductive system are production of sperm and the transfer of it to the female’s body during sexual intercourse The two main biological functions of the male reproductive system are production of sperm and the transfer of it to the female’s body during sexual intercourse

11. Male reproduction system Click here to see the male reproductive system Click here to see the male reproductive systemhere Click here to see the male reproductive system Click here to see the male reproductive systemhere

12. Male Reproductive System is made up of both internal and external organs External organs: 1. Testes (testicles) – are two small glands that produce sperm. Testes hang outside of the body in a sac called the scrotum. This sac protects sperm by keeping the testes at a temperature slightly below normal

13. 2. Penis – the external sex organ in which the sperm is delivered to the females body. Composed of spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels. As a result of increased blood flow, the penis becomes enlarged and erect.

14. Internal male reproductive organs Plays a role in the delivery of the sperm Plays a role in the delivery of the sperm Urethra – carries sperm and urine to the outside of the body. (a valve prevents the two fluids from mixing) Urethra – carries sperm and urine to the outside of the body. (a valve prevents the two fluids from mixing) Epididymis – located on the outer surface of the testes – sperm mature here Epididymis – located on the outer surface of the testes – sperm mature here Vas-deferens – a pair of connecting tubes that receives the sperm from the epididymis Vas-deferens – a pair of connecting tubes that receives the sperm from the epididymis As the sperm travels through the vas deferens, they combine with fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland and the to form semen. As the sperm travels through the vas deferens, they combine with fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland and the to form semen.

15. Ejaculation- A series of muscular contractions during sexual arousal. During ejaculation, semen is released Nocturnal emissions- Orgasm and ejaculation may occur during sleep. Can be referr Can be referred to as a “wet dream” Occurs because Occurs because sperm production during puberty causes increased pressure in the reproductive system.

16. Intact penis Intact penis CIRCUMCISED PENIS At birth, the tip of the penis is covered with a fold of skin called Foreskin Circumcision – the surgical removal of the foreskin

17. Care of the reproductive system Includes cleanliness, protection, and self- examination Includes cleanliness, protection, and self- examination A male who is intact must practice extra hygiene A male who is intact must practice extra hygiene Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight Wear a protective or supporter during strenuous exercise Wear a protective or supporter during strenuous exercise Perform a monthly self exam of the testes to check for any thickening or lumps Perform a monthly self exam of the testes to check for any thickening or lumps

18. Problems of the male reproductive system 1. Hernia – occurs when part of an organ pushes through an opening of a membrane or muscle that usually contains the organ. Inguinal hernia Download this image

19. 2. Sterility – condition in which a person is unable to reproduce. …can be a result of producing too few sperm. This can be caused from environmental hazards that damage the sperm making process - exposure to X- rays, radiation and lead from motor exhaust, factories, etc. …can be a result of producing too few sperm. This can be caused from environmental hazards that damage the sperm making process - exposure to X- rays, radiation and lead from motor exhaust, factories, etc. Can also be caused from temperature change, exposure to certain chemicals, smoking and disease. Can also be caused from temperature change, exposure to certain chemicals, smoking and disease.

20. 3. Enlarged prostate gland – can enlarge for reasons such as an infection, a tumor, or old age. When the gland enlarges, it tends to squeeze the urethra, resulting in frequent or difficult urination

21. 4. Testicular torsion: twisting of testis so that blood vessels leading to the testis also twists, cutting off the blood supply.

22. Hard lumps, or nodules, on the testes may be a sign of cancer. There may or may not be pain associated with the lumps. 90% of all cases can be cured if caught early. Hard lumps, or nodules, on the testes may be a sign of cancer. There may or may not be pain associated with the lumps. 90% of all cases can be cured if caught early. often a cancer site of older men. 5.Cancer of the Prostate: often a cancer site of older men. occurs between the ages of 15 and 35. 6.Cancer of the testes: occurs between the ages of 15 and 35.

23. Female Reproductive System The Female Reproductive System stores female reproductive cells, or ova. It also nourishes and protects each fertilized ovum from the beginning of pregnancy through birth. 1. Vagina – also called the birth canal, is a hollow tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body. Sperm from the male enters the female reproductive system through the vagina.

24. Female reproductive system Click here to view female reproductive system Click here to view female reproductive system here here

26. Females Reproductive Organs 2. Ovaries – two small organs that have two functions: 1. releases estrogen and progesterone 2. produces and releases a mature egg (ova) once a month – called ovulation *Female babies are born with approx. 400,000 immature ova in the ovaries. During puberty, hormones cause the immature ova to mature. *Female babies are born with approx. 400,000 immature ova in the ovaries. During puberty, hormones cause the immature ova to mature.

27. 3. Fallopian tubes – two small tubes that carry a released egg from the ovary to the uterus. When an egg is released from the ovary, it moves into the fallopian tubes and fimbria (finger like projections) draw the egg into the uterus. *If intercourse occurs during the time there is an egg in the fallopian tube, sperm may unite with the egg and fertilization occurs.

28. 4. Uterus (womb) is a small, muscular, pear- shaped organ, about the size of a fist. The fertilized egg (zygote) will develop and grow in the uterus. The uterus has layers of tissue and a rich supply of blood to protect and nourish the developing fetus..

29. The base of the uterus is called the cervix. It expands during childbirth to allow the passage of the baby. Birth video http://www.babycenter.com/2_i nside-pregnancy-labor-and- birth_3658872.bc

30. Menstruation If the ovum does not become fertilized, the lining of the uterus breaks down and is passed out of the vagina. The shedding of the uterine lining is called Menstruation If the ovum does not become fertilized, the lining of the uterus breaks down and is passed out of the vagina. The shedding of the uterine lining is called Menstruation Usually lasts 3-5 days Usually lasts 3-5 days Menstrual cycle, which is the time from the beginning if one menstrual cycle to the onset of the next, is usually a 28 day cycle Menstrual cycle, which is the time from the beginning if one menstrual cycle to the onset of the next, is usually a 28 day cycle Onset – usually between the ages of 10 – 15 Onset – usually between the ages of 10 – 15 Can be very irregular at first Can be very irregular at first Can also be affected by poor nutrition, stress and illness Can also be affected by poor nutrition, stress and illness

31. Menstrual cycle Click here to view menstrual cycle Click here to view menstrual cyclehere

32. Problems of the FRS Problems of the FRS Menstrual cramps – Usually mild, lasting for several hours Usually mild, lasting for several hours A heating pad, over the counter medication and light exercise can help A heating pad, over the counter medication and light exercise can help Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). PMS is a variety of symptoms that can occur several days to two weeks before the menstrual period. PMS is a variety of symptoms that can occur several days to two weeks before the menstrual period. Symptoms – nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, fatigue, bloating Symptoms – nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, fatigue, bloating

33. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) –related to tampon use during the menstrual period. This is a rare but serious disease that may be fatal. This is a rare but serious disease that may be fatal. The presence of a bacterium, staphylococcus aureus, causes the infection. The presence of a bacterium, staphylococcus aureus, causes the infection. Flu-like symptoms – aching muscles, sore throat, sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, rash. Flu-like symptoms – aching muscles, sore throat, sudden high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, rash.

34. Problems that can cause infertility Blocked fallopian tube - leading cause of female infertility. Can be caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) of abdominal surgery. Blocked fallopian tube - leading cause of female infertility. Can be caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) of abdominal surgery. Endometriosis – uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian tubes in in the abdominal cavity. Endometriosis – uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian tubes in in the abdominal cavity. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - an infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding areas in a woman’s pelvis. It can damage the reproductive organs and is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - an infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding areas in a woman’s pelvis. It can damage the reproductive organs and is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases.

35. Other reproductive disorders Cervix, uterus and ovaries are common sites of cancer. Cervical cancer is detected through a Pap test, a test in which samples of cells are taken from the cervix by a doctor. All sexually active females should have a yearly Pap smear and all women from the age of 18 and older should also have a yearly Pap smear. Cervix, uterus and ovaries are common sites of cancer. Cervical cancer is detected through a Pap test, a test in which samples of cells are taken from the cervix by a doctor. All sexually active females should have a yearly Pap smear and all women from the age of 18 and older should also have a yearly Pap smear. FDA approved a vaccine that prevents infection from 4 strains of the HPV virus FDA approved a vaccine that prevents infection from 4 strains of the HPV virus

36. Breast self-examination Is an important habit for females to develop Is an important habit for females to develop Should be done once a month, about a week after the start of their menstrual period Should be done once a month, about a week after the start of their menstrual period Should check for anything unusual, such as any discharge from the nipples, lumps or mass under the skin Should check for anything unusual, such as any discharge from the nipples, lumps or mass under the skin