3. How did isolationist policies affect Ming to Qing China and Tokugawa Japan socially, politically, and economically? What events in the past shape how a country’s people are today?

14. Economic Changes Political Changes Social Changes

22. Do you believe it was wise for Japan to practice extreme isolationism? Why or why not? How might Japan be different had these policies not existed? Was China’s decision to accept missionaries a sign of little national identity or a political move. Do you believe the Tokugawa Shogunate was a more effective government than the Qing Dynasty? Why or why not?

23. The Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate: Excerpts from The Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan: Addressed to the Joint Bugyō of Nagasaki 1. Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries. 2. No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested, and the matter must be reported to the higher authority. 3. If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death. 4. If there is any place where the teachings of padres (Christianity) is practiced, the two of you must order a thorough investigation. … 7. If there are any Southern Barbarians (Westerners) who propagate the teachings of padres, or otherwise commit crimes, they may be incarcerated in the prison maintained by the Ōmura domain, as was done previously. … 10. Samurai are not permitted to purchase any goods originating from foreign ships directly from Chinese merchants in Nagasaki. …

24. "Tokugawa period." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. "Qing dynasty." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. Tokugawa Shogunate. Tokugawa Shogunate. "the Edicts of the Tokugawa Shogunate: Excerpts from The Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan: Addressed to the Joint Bugyō Of Nagasaki." The Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan: Addressed to the Joint Bugyō Of Nagasaki. Edo: Japan: A Documentary History: The Dawn of History to the Late Tokugawa Period, 2001. Columbia University. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.. "Qing Dynasty 1644 - 1911." Antiques & Dynasties. Antiques & Dynasties Co, 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.. Adler, Philip J, and Randall L Pouwels. World Civilizations: Since 1500. N.p.: Clark Baxter, 2008. Google Book Search. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.. Zelin, Madeleine. "MING-QING ECONOMIC DYNAMISM AND FOREIGN TRADE." Grandeur of the Qing. Columbia U, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.. Gordon, Bill. "Tokugawa Period's Influence on Meiji Restoration." Home Page of Bill Gordon. Wesleyan U, 2000. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.. "The Sankin Kotai System and Its Effects on Tokugawa Japan." Short Essays on Tokugawa Japan before 1853. N.p., 2007. Web. 21 Oct. 2010..http://www.thecorner.org/hist/essays/japan/sankin-kotai.htm Hooker, Richard. "Japan: Life in Tokugawa Japan." Tokugawa Japan (1603 - 1868). Washington State U, 1996. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.. Ellington, Lucien. Japan: a Global Studies Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC CLIO, 2002. Print.