1. Organic Chemistry Dr. Ron Rusay Fall 2001 © Copyright 2001 R.J. Rusay

2. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ð ð The study of carbon-containing compounds. ð ð Organic compounds contain backbones comprised of chains and/or rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms. ð ð Commonly used formulas are empirical, molecular, structural (bond-line, condensed and 3-D).

3. InorganicOrganic Chemicals are just chemicals Friedrich Wohler: 1850’s Proving that “living” chemicals are no different than other chemicals; disproving “animism”.

4. HYDROCARBONS ð ð Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. ð ð They represent a “backbone” when other “heteroatoms” (O, N, S,.....) are substituted for H. (The heteroatoms give function to the molecule.) ð AcyclicCyclic Saturated Unsaturated ð Acyclic (without rings); Cyclic (with rings); Saturated: only carbon-carbon single bonds; Unsaturated: contains one or more carbon-carbon double and/or triple bond http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

5. HYDROCARBONS ð Alkanes ð Alkanes contain only single bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [C n H 2n+2 ] ð Alkenes ð Alkenes contain double bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [C n H 2n ] ð Alkynes ð Alkynes contain triple bonds and have the generic molecular formula: [C n H 2n-2 ] http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

7. Naming Alkanes -ane 1.For alkanes beyond butane, add -ane to the Greek root for the number of carbons. ane C-C-C-C-C-C = hexane -ane -yl 2.Alkyl substituents: drop the -ane and add -yl. yl -CH 3 : methyl yl -C 2 H 5 : ethyl

8. Naming Alkanes 3.Positions of substituent groups are specified by numbering the longest chain sequentially. C  C-C-C-C-C-C3-methylhexane 4.Location and name are followed by root alkane name. Substituents in alphabetical order and use di-, tri-, etc.

9. Isomerism

10. Common Functional Groups (“Hydrocarbon Derivatives”) ClassGeneral Formula HalohydrocarbonsR  X Alcohols (Phenols)R  EthersR  R Amines http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

12. Common Functional Groups Common Functional Groups ClassGeneral Formula Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic Acids Esters Amides http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/dept/vmolckit/molecule.html

14. Polymers

15. Polymers Macromolecules which are made from small molecules, monomers, which structurally repeat themselves. MonomerPolymer EthylenePolyethylene Vinyl chloridePolyvinyl chloride TetrafluoroethyleneTeflon Amines - AcidsNylon & Proteins

16. Nylon(s)

17. Proteins