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2. Cell theory  Biology is built on 3 simple but important ideas: 1) All living things are made up of 1 or more cells

3. Cell theory  Biology is built on 3 simple but important ideas: 2) The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes

4. Cell theory  Biology is built on 3 simple but important ideas: 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

5. ORGANISM prokaryote single-celled organism eukaryote plantanimal multicellular organism no nucleusnucleus one cellmany cells

6. Cell structure  Like people, all cells have to perform fundamental processes to stay alive… use energy store materials transport materials  Organelles (tiny organs) carry out specific functions within the cell get rid of waste reproduce

7. ① Cell Membrane  Boundary of the cell  a phospholipid bilayer*  selectively lets stuff in and out ①

8. ② Cytoplasm/Cytosol  Gel that fills the cellular space  nutrient soup that houses internal organelles ②

9. ③ Cytoskeleton (not pictured)  Network of tiny fibres  provides cell with shape and structure, and helps organelles move through cytoplasm ③

10. ④ Nucleus  Control centre of the cell  houses genetic* material that dictates cell type and function ④ nuclear pore nuclear envelope nucleosome nuclear pore nuclear envelope nucleosome

11. ⑤ Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)  Highway of the cell carrying nuclear instructions  2 types: Smooth - makes lipids Rough - makes proteins* ⑤ ⑤

12. ⑥ Ribosome  Synthesize proteins  attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm ⑥

13. ⑦ Golgi Body/Apparatus  Packages and ships proteins via vesicles* out of cell  look like stacked floppy pancakes ⑦

14. ⑧ Lysosome  Waste disposal of the animal cell  contains enzymes* that digest and reclaim waste ⑧

15. ⑨ Vacuole  Storage container (food, water, waste, etc) in plant cells  very large in plant cells, pressurizes cell ⑨

16. ⑩ Mitochondrion  Powerhouse of the animal cell  provides the cell with its energy needs ⑩

17. Plant/Animal-specific Organelles

18. ⑪ Centriole  Helps during animal cell division  made of same fibres as the cytoskeleton ⑪

19. ⑫ Chloroplast  Powerhouse of the plant cell  harvests sunlight to make energy via photosynthesis* ⑫

20. ⑬ Cell wall  Rigid, protective barrier beyond CM in plant cells  Resists internal pressure from vacuole to maintain cell shape ⑭