1. The Global Economic Environment Global Marketing

2. What’s happening? Asia Pacific Western Europe North America South America Why and what are the implications?

3. THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Overview Local, regional, and global economic environments are interactive. What happens within and among them profoundly influences marketing mix decisions.

4. The Local Economy - The Country Where Marketing Takes Place The Consumers 1.Disposable income (after-tax income) 2.What, when, where, and how much consumers buy is influenced by disposable income

5. The Local Economy - The Country Where Marketing Takes Place The Country 1.Healthy economies facilitate higher purchasing power for consumers

6. The Local Economy - The Country Where Marketing Takes Place 2.Economic variables: GDP; GDP per capita; GDP growth rates; savings and investments rates; inflation and unemployment rates; imports and exports; inflow and outflow of FDI; number of global corporations in the country; structure of industries; commercial, fiscal, and monetary policies of the central government 3.These variables reflect the overall country, not specific groups of consumers - don’t generalise

7. The Local Economy - The Country Where Marketing Takes Place The Competition - Know Where You Stand in Relation to the Competition 4.Porter’s five forces determining the state of competition: rivalry among existing firms, potential impact of newcomers, power of suppliers, power of buyers, substitute goods 5.Prominence of each force varies by industry

8. The Regional Economy Agreements Among Nations Include 1.Free-trade areas - no barriers among members, national barriers against the rest of the would 2.Customs unions - no barriers among members, adopt common barriers against the rest of the world 3.Common markets - form customs unions with free movement of labor and capital 4.Economic unions - one economy, one currency, unified fiscal and monetary policies

9. The Regional Economy The European Economic Integration 1.15 Western European countries moving towards economic union 2.EU - to enhance competitive edge of EU firms in relation to non - EU firms

10. The Regional Economy The Asian Pacific Economies 1.The NICs - South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore - high-value-added competitors 2.Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines - entering high-value-added marketers 3.Trade in region has been fueled by a)Increasing domestic demand b)Expanding business involvement overseas c)Growing competitiveness of firms based in region

11. The Regional Economy The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1.U.S., Canada, Mexico 2.Designed to increase size of north American market, reduce trade barriers within, increase competitive edge of member firms

12. The Global Economy Increasing Trade and Investment 1.Why exports increased a)Businesses - to improve competitiveness and performance b)Governments - to stimulate domestic economic growth 2.Foreign direct investment growing faster than exports a)Role in transferring technology, managerial expertise, financial resources b)Five major sources: U.S., United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan

13. The Global Economy Increasing Interdependence - Our fate is tied to that of others Increasing Competition - More players, More intensive competition Increasing Complexity - Policies designed for one country affect the performance of others

14. THE GLOBALIZATION OF THE U.S. ECONOMY Future Growth Cannot Rely Exclusively on Domestic Market Firms with Global Operations can better 1.Develop new products 2.Establish new markets 3.Cross-subsidize products and markets - use financial resources from one market to fight in another

15. Thank You!