1. 1. French philosopher 2. Author of – Discourse on Method 1637 3. His philosophy stressed the separation of mind and matter = Cartesian Dualism 4. Man can use reason/mathematical thinking to understand the world 5. Truth is found only through reason/rationalism/ mathematical thought

2. “I THINK, THEREFORE I AM.”

3.  FRANCIS BACON 1. English lawyer, govt official, philosopher 2. Rejected the ideas of Copernicus and Kepler 3. Can only know natural world through inductive reasoning 4. Inductive Reasoning -> from the particular to the general -> study a bunch of particular leaves to be able to make general statements about leaves 5. Inductive reason is based on empiricism

4.  Empiricism = knowledge comes from observation and experience  This is the foundation of the scientific/experiment al method