1. Classification & Taxonomy

2. Classification vs. Taxonomy
Taxonomy – branch of biology that names and groups organisms
according to similar characteristics
Classification – scheme or mechanism by which organisms are organized

3. ARISTOTLE:
first person to group or classify organisms into two groups
Plants vs. Animals

4. Aristotle’s System PLANTS: ANIMALS: Based on size of stem
Based on where they lived

5. Problems?
Not all organisms fit into Aristotle’s two groups (plants or animals)
Ex: Bacteria & Fungi

6. Problems? Ex: A jelly fish isn’t a fish, but a seahorse is!
Common names can be misleading
Ex: A jelly fish isn’t a fish,
but a seahorse is!
Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal!

7. Problems? Common names vary from place to place
Ex: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar are all names for same animal

8. Problems Same organisms have different names in different countries.
Chipmunk
Streifenhornchen (German)
Tamia (Italian)
Ardilla listada (Spanish)

9. Middle Ages - Solution
Some early scientists devised scientific names using long descriptions in LATIN.
Ex. RED OAK tree
Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis
“oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hairlike bristles”

10. PROBLEM w/ Latin Naming?
Names too long, hard to remember!
Names don’t show relationships between different animals

11. Carolus Linnaeus to the rescue!
Carolus Linneaus: devised a classification system based on _________________
(Organism’s form & structure)
MORPHOLOGY
( )

12. Linnaeus’s System Involved two components: binomial nomenclature
heirarchy

13. Binomial Nomenclature: Bi means two Nomen means name

14. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (2 name naming system)
1st name = _______________
Always capitalized
GENUS NAME
SPECIES IDENTIFIER
2nd name = _________________
Always lower case
Both names are ______________ or written in ____________.
UNDERLINED
ITALICS

15. Binomial nomenclature
Humans
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens

16. Binomial Nomenclature
Vampire bat Desmodus rotundus
Eastern chipmunk
Tamias striatus

17. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Phillip Came Over
SEVEN LEVELS OF TAXONOMIC ORGANIZATION
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti

18. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata
HEIRARCHY
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
leo

19. So what do we use now? MODERN TAXONOMY Still uses Linnaeus’s system:
but we have added more _____________
KINGDOMS
Remember: Aristotle only had 2.

20. Modern Taxonomy

21. Kingdom Pro/Eu Uni/Multi Cell Auto/ Hetero Ex Archaebac-teria
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Both
Extremo-phile
Eubacteria
Pro
Uni
E. Coli
Protista
Eukaryotic
Euglena, Amoeba
Fungi Eu
Hetero
Yeast, mushroom
Plant
Multi
Auto
Trees, Ferns
Animal
Bird, shark