1. Pages 530-557 ACTIVE NOTE TAKING Fill in the blanks using textbook!

2.   Ecology  Study of the __________ among organisms and their ________________. Ecologists  _________________ who study environmental relationships  _______________ the environmental factors that influence organisms into ______ groups  ____________  BIOTIC The Environment

3.   Abiotic  _________________ parts of the environment Examples: I._____________ II.Light & Temperature III._____________ IV.Soil Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors

4.   Biotic Factors  ___________or _____________ organisms in the environment Examples: I.Levels or organization II.__________________ III.Communities IV._____________________ V.Biomes VI.______________________ Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors

5.  5 Factors:  Water  ________________  Soil Abiotic Factors

6.  1.Water  All organisms need __________ to survive  Organisms are made of __________% water  Respiration, photosynthesis, digestion, and other important life process can only occur with presence of ____________  95% of Earth’s ___________ water is found in oceans Abiotic Factors

7.  Examples of Water Pacific Ocean-Kauai, Hawaii Cumberland River & Lake Cumberland Dale Hollow Lake Bayou-Gueydan, LA

8.  2. Light  Availability of sun light is a major factor in determining where green plants and other ________________ organisms live  Energy from Sun is changed into ____________ energy  __________-lives near water surface  Dense forest have very little photosynthetic plants, why? Abiotic Factors

9.  Plant Examples North Shore-Kauai The Garden of Eden-Kauai Kipu Ranch-Kauai -conifers

10.  3.Temperature  Regional temperature also determines which plants and animals can live there  Some areas of the world have fairly consistent temperature year round  Other areas have season during which temperatures vary  Arctic, Desert, Mid-Atlantic, Tropical, Arid, and Mild Abiotic Factors

11.  Temperature Variations Mojave Desert-CA Arctic Plain-Antarctica Rain Forest-Brazil Great Plains-Kansas Appalachian Mts-TN Tropical Island-FL Keys

12.  4.Air  Composed of a mixture of gases including Nitrogen, _________________, and Carbon Dioxide.  Plants & Animals depend on the gases in air for _________________ (breathe)  All species are affected by weather  Weather- 8km to 16 km (from surface)  Ozone Layer-20km to 50km (from surface) Few organisms live at extreme air pressures Abiotic Factors

13.  5.Soil  Varies greatly from one environment to another  Soil Type-determined by amount of Sand, Silt, and ___________ it contains  Various soils contains different amounts of nutrients, minerals, and moisture Soil affects every organism in an environment! Abiotic Factors

14.  Soil Top Soil-rich in nutrients and moisture (plant crops) Red Clay-sub soil-very acidic (use as filler dirt) Bed Rock-mostly limestone/sandstone (paving stone)

15.   Abiotic Factors do not provide everything an organism needs for survival  Organisms depend on other organisms for:  Food  __________________  Protection  __________________ Biotic Factors

16.  Biotic Factors Include:  Bacteria  ____________  Fungi  ____________  Animals Biotic Factors

17.  1.Organism : one __________________ from a population Levels of Organization Mallard Drake “GreenHead ”

18.  2.Population : _________ of the individual of one species that live in the same _____________ at the same time. Levels of Organization

19.  3.Community : the ______________ of different species that ______________ in some way Levels of Organization

20.  4.Ecosystem : all of the ______________ in an area and the abiotic factors they interact with Levels of Organization

21.  5.Biome : large region with ___________ and _____________ well adapted to the soil and climate of the region Levels of Organization

22.  6. Biosphere : The level of biological organization that is made up of all the ecosystems on ________________ Levels of Organization

23.   Where Earth’s organisms live  Can be found  11,000 m deep in the ocean  9,000 m high on the mountains  4.5 km high in atmosphere Includes top part of Earth’s crust, all the waters that covers the Earth’s surface, the surrounding atmosphere, and all biomes! Biosphere Extremophiles