1. Study Hall Sit in assigned seats Not wondering around the room Sharpened pencil out, ready to begin our review

2. Ecosystem  Plants and animals that are found in a particular location are referred to as an ecosystem. These plants and animals depend on each other to survive.

3. Producers Make their own food through photosynthesis Examples: – Plants – Algae

4. Consumers Eat other organisms. There are THREE: – Herbivore – Carnivore – Omnivore

5. Herbivores These are animals that eat mainly plants. This includes leaves, grass, flowers, seeds, roots, fruits, bark, pollen, and much more. Some herbivores are: (*write down two) – Deer – Horses – Rabbits – Cows – Bees – Sheep – Grasshoppers

6. Carnivores These are animals that eat mainly meat. This includes insects and all animals. Some carnivores are: – lions, tigers, and all cats – eagles, hawks, owls – Sharks – Frogs – Spiders

7. Omnivores These are animals able to eat plants and animals Some omnivores are: – Humans**** – Most bears – Raccoons – Most primates (apes and monkeys) – Seagulls and other birds

8. Decomposers They consume (eat) dead plants and animals and decomposes them This returns nutrients to the environment. Examples include: – Fungi – Bacteria

9. Producers, consumers, decomposers video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWh- XKhh8xo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWh- XKhh8xo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnffYkN1 UDk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnffYkN1 UDk

11. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, from the sun through producers to consumers to decomposers.

12. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Food chains: show how plant life and animal life get bridged together by the things they eat. Like links of a chain

13. Food Chain Brain Pop http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyan dbehavior/foodchains/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyan dbehavior/foodchains/ Bill Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YwW- iWxLr4Bill Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YwW- iWxLr4

14. Mr. Parr song on food chains https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWfEn8J5 xKM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWfEn8J5 xKM

15. Write in notebook. Food Webs: More complex than food chains. Ecosystems consist of many food chains linked together All organisms depend on one another for survival

16. Review Green plants use the sun’s energy directly to make food. When animals eat green plants and other animals eat those animals, the energy moves from one living thing to another. Ultimately all the members of a food chain depend on the energy from the sun.

17. Pyramid of Energy Can you believe only 10% energy is passed along at each level!

18. Write in notebook…. The Ten Percent Rule (10%) Scientists say that about 90% of the available energy is used for life processes like respiration, photosynthesis, and reproduction

19. Write in notebook The Pyramid of Energy : shows how energy available for consumers decreases as you travel up from the base

20. Video on Energy Pyramid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWvtRf4 TAO4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWvtRf4 TAO4

21. Pyramid of Energy.. Label your pyramid at each level and draw 3 examples for each level

22. How else can we label our pyramid?

23. Answer in notebook. (complete sentences) Do animals need the sun to survive? Why or why not. Explain!

24. Lets Review! All things get energy from food. Green plants use energy from the sun to make their own food. Plants use the food they make for energy to grow. Animals get energy by eating plants and other animals. The energy in living things originates from the sun.

25. Germination: start to grow from a seed or spore into a new individual plant Conditions are right for seeds and spores to start to grow and develop into a plant

27. Let’s grow! Seeds need the RIGHT conditions to grow... – Water – Sunlight – Temperature

28. Dormancy means… Dormancy means inactivity. For example, when you are sleeping, you are not being active. Some seeds require a period of DORMANCY before they germinate (grow).

29. What conditions do they need to come out of dormancy? moisture temperature light Some seeds need complete darkness to germinate and in some cases even fire

30. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK: Tropism: process of plants changing due to a stimulus (changes in their environment)

31. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Environmental changes (stimuli) that effect plants: – Gravity – Sunlight – Touch – Moisture (water)

32. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Phototropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of sunlight

33. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Geotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of gravity Plant structures can sense up and down Stems of plants grow upright Roots of plants grow down

34. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Thigmotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of touch (stimulus).

35. Hydrotropism Hydrotropism: the way a plant grows due to the presence of water (stimulus). When roots sense water, they bend and grows towards it.

36. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Stimulus (changes) can be positive or negative. Positive = toward stimulus Negative = away from stimulus

37. Positive Response Plant moving toward stimulus (the sun).

38. Negative Response Negative = roots growing away from sun. The roots are growing AWAY from the sun because they need water for survival.

39. Let’s rock! (3 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uX5eoxKb zHE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uX5eoxKb zHE Mr. Parr

40. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK  Plants and animals within ecosystems depend on each other to survive BIOTIC FACTORS: all the living parts of the ecosystem ABIOTIC FACTORS: all the non-living parts of the ecosystem

41. WRITE IN NOTEBOOK  ECOSYSTEMS: all the living things (plants, animals, and organisms) interacting with each other in a given location  ECOSYSTEMS: also include the non-living factors like weather, soil type, and climate Aquatic Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems

42. Write in notebook Abiotic Factors = all nonliving factors TemperatureAmount of sunlight Water (fresh or salty)Climate (rain, weather) Soil (rocky, sandy, fertile)

43. Write in notebook Biotic Factors: all living factors Plants (producers) Animals (consumers)

44. Individual Individual: one organism, a single living thing

45. Population A group of interbreeding organisms living in the same area Interbreeding:

46. Community Interacting POPULATIONS

47. Ecosystem All the organisms living in the same area AND their nonliving environment. Notice the first three tiers are all living organisms.

48. Biome One of several major types of ecosystems Five biomes: – Aquatic (oceans) – Deserts – Forests – Tundra – Grasslands

49. Write in notebook Biomes: areas of similar climates with similar plants and animals found in specific regions around the Earth

50. Different Biomes… Biomes have unique plants and animals They also have unique climates (rainfall, temperatures, amounts and intensity of sunlight) For instance: A tropical rainforest has lots of rain, is humid and hot. Plants grow thick and deep in the rainforest; animals have adapted to this unique environment in order to survive

52. Write in notebook Biosphere: Is EVERYTHING…

54. Write in notebook Limiting Factors— conditions within the environment that limit the growth of species

55. Write this down… Limiting Factors— can be any biotic or abiotic factor that prevents an organisms growth

56. Write this down… Limiting Factors—Also reduce or limits an organisms ability to find food (consumers) or make its own food (producers)

57. Write this down… Limiting Factors Food Availability Shelter Breeding - Nesting sites Predators Temperature (too cold, too hot) Water availability (too dry, too wet)