1. Monitoring Challenges for VSP Parameters in the Oregon Portion of the Lower Columbia River Jamie Anthony Monitoring Coordinator

2. Overview Caveats VSP Indicators General Monitoring Constraints Species Summaries – Current VSP Monitoring – Monitoring Challenges – Monitoring Needs/Refinement

3. Caveats VSP Metrics Coarse-Scale Overview – LCR Plan, Appendix J – Rawding, D. and J. Rodgers (2013) PNAMP Integrated Monitoring Status and Trends (IMST) Demonstration Project.

4. Status and Trend of VSP Indicators Abundance/Productivity – Metric = Abundance of naturally-produced spawners Spatial Structure – Metric = % occupied habitat Diversity – Metrics = Effective population size, interbreeding with hatchery fish, anthropogenic mortality, life history traits, habitat diversity

5. Monitoring Constraints Technical/Physical Feasibility Relative Economic Feasibility – Moving target Monitoring Refinement – Response to technical/physical feasibility – Response to fluctuating funding

6. Chum Oregon’s Columbia River Chum Salmon Recovery Strategy – LCR Plan, Appendix I Long-term monitoring will evolve over time Current monitoring addresses research needs – Baseline data – Reintroduction

7. Coho Current VSP Monitoring GRTS-based Spawning Surveys (2002) GRTS-based Juvenile Surveys (2006) – Index of Density/Trend Fixed Sites (Adults) Fixed Sites (Juv.) – LCM Sites – JOM Traps Index Surveys – Long-term times series – Often targeting ChF

8. Coho Monitoring Challenges Low Populations/Highly Dispersed – Precision – Carcass recovery Broad Spawning Distribution – Large sampling frame – Challenging sampling environment Protracted spawning season – Turbidity

9. Coho Monitoring Needs Current Metrics: – Abundance, diversity (pHOS), spatial structure (occupancy), HQH Needs: – Continued evaluation of precision, bias, and sample size – Verify critical assumptions Survey life, observer efficiency

10. Chinook Current VSP Monitoring GRTS-Based Spawner Surveys (2009) GRTS-based Juvenile Surveys (2006) – Index of Density/Occupancy – Primarily coho & steelhead Redd Surveys – ChS Fixed Sites (Adults) Fixed Sites (Juveniles) – JOM Traps (Limited application for ChF ) Index Surveys – Long-term time series

11. Chinook Monitoring Challenges Low Populations in Some Basins – Precision/Bias Physical Constraints – Mainstem spawning habitat Precision/Bias Critical Assumptions – Survey life, observer efficiency Differentiating Runs

12. Chinook Monitoring Needs Current Metrics: – ChS: Abundance, Diversity – ChF: None – ChLF: None Needs: – Evaluate precision, bias, and sample size – Verify critical assumptions – Methods for differentiating ChF, ChLF, and ChS – Non-visual methods needed in some areas

13. Steelhead Current VSP Monitoring GRTS-Based Redd Surveys (2012) GRTS-Based Juvenile Surveys (2006) Fixed Sites (Adults) Fixed Sites (Juveniles) Index Surveys

14. Steelhead Monitoring Challenges Broad spawning distribution – large sample frame Brief residence on spawning grounds Elusive & easily frightened Low carcass recoveries Protracted spawning season (StW = up to 6 mo.) – Intensive – Turbidity

15. Steelhead Monitoring Needs Current Metrics: – StW & StS: Abundance, Diversity Fixed Site Counts Needs: – Verify critical assumptions – Evaluate precision/bias – Non-visual methods needed in some areas

16. Emerging Methods/Technology DIDSON Sonar, Sound Metrics Survey Life Tag, Shardlow et al. 2007 Environmental DNA