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Igneous rocks Crystallize from a molten rock: magma

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Presentation on theme: "Igneous rocks Crystallize from a molten rock: magma"— Presentation transcript:

1 Igneous rocks Crystallize from a molten rock: magma
Magma: liquid rock beneath earth’s surface Lava: liquid rock above earth’s surface Igneous rocks classified on Mineral size composition

2 Igneous rocks Intrusive igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks
Cool below ground (slowly) All minerals visible w/out microscope Extrusive igneous rocks Cool above ground (fast) Most minerals too small to see w/out microscope

3 Igneous rocks Intrusive igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks

4 Intrusive or extrusive?

5 Slow or fast cooling?

6 Intrusive or extrusive?

7 Slow or fast cooling?

8 Light colored igneous rocks
Granite and rhyolite

9 Intermediate igneous rocks
Andesite

10 Dark colored igneous rocks
Gabbro and basalt

11 Aphanitic Texture – Rapid Cooling Small Crystals

12 Phaneritic Texture – Slow Cooling Large Crystals

13 Glassy Texture - Very Rapid Cooling - No Crystal Structure

14 Where do igneous rocks form?

15 What is left behind when igneous rocks cool?

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19 Rock Cycle Igneous rocks can become what other kind of rocks?

20 Metamorphic rocks Formed by transformation of other rocks
Heat and pressure do this transforming! End up with New minerals And/or texture changes

21 Metamorphic textures Foliated: alignment of minerals
Rock looks banded/layered Nonfoliated: random orientation of minerals

22 Foliated or nonfoliated?

23 Foliated metamorphic rocks
Smallest minerals Slate Clue: like shale/mudstone but harder

24 Foliated metamorphic rocks
Schist Shiny with bigger minerals

25 Foliated metamorphic rocks
Gneiss Big minerals Looks like a granite with bands of color

26 Nonfoliated met. rocks Marble Made of calcite Best way to ID?

27 Nonfoliated met. rocks Quartzite
Can look like marble, but no fizz with acid Hand out met rocks to ID

28 Nonfoliated met. rocks Greenstone Clue: green basalt

29 Rock Cycle

30 Sedimentary rocks Clastic sed rock: made of solid particles once part of other rocks Classified by grain size Chemical sed rock: made from dissolved material in water Classified by chemical composition Biochemical sed rock: made of dead plants and animals

31 Biochemical, chemical, or detrital?

32 Clastic sed rocks Big particles Conglomerate Sand size Sandstone
Small particles Mudstone (shale)

33 Clastic sed rocks Conglomerate
Clue: Particles of lots of different sizes

34 Clastic sed rocks Sandstone Clue: feels sandy

35 Clastic sed rocks Mudstone (shale) Clue: very small particles
No grit when you taste it

36 Chemical sed rocks Limestone Made of calcite Clues: fizzes with acid
Often contains fossils

37 Chemical sed rocks Rock salt/halite Gypsum Clue: tastes salty
Clue: easily scratched, not salty

38 Biochemical sed rocks Category of chemical sed rocks Coal
Limestone if with fossils

39 Importance of sed rocks
Key to interpreting Earth’s history

40 Homework Go to website and complete the relative age assignment.
Other website for checking to see if you are on the right track! Websites are on our class page


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