3. Prehistory Human beings have always been interested in learning about the past. Human beings have always been interested in learning about the past. We know that the first people lived more than two million years ago in prehistoric times We know that the first people lived more than two million years ago in prehistoric times Prehistory is the time before people invented writing. Prehistory is the time before people invented writing. About 5,000 years ago people invented writing—this marked the beginning of history About 5,000 years ago people invented writing—this marked the beginning of history

4. Paleolithic Period Paleolithic Period Old Stone Age Old Stone Age (2,500,000 B.C.) (2,500,000 B.C.) Nomads Nomads Hunters and gatherers Hunters and gatherers Simple stone tools and weapons Simple stone tools and weapons First spoken languages First spoken languages Discovery of fire Discovery of fire Cave paintings Cave paintings

5. Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) Humans were nomadic Humans were nomadic Hunters & Gatherers Hunters & Gatherers Temporary Housing Temporary Housing Lived in small groups Lived in small groups Life was short and harsh Life was short and harsh Man makes tools of stone, bone Man makes tools of stone, bone Why do you think housing was temporary? Why do you think life was “short” and “harsh”?

6. Neolithic Period The New Stone Age The New Stone Age 10,000 BC. 10,000 BC. Increase in population Increase in population Farming/Agriculture Farming/Agriculture Domestication of animals Domestication of animals Calendar and new technology-use of metal Calendar and new technology-use of metal Personal possessions Personal possessions Village headmen and council of elders Village headmen and council of elders Farming along river valleys lead to food surplus. Farming along river valleys lead to food surplus.

7. This map shows the first major civilizations to develop in the world. What patterns do you see among them? Look at the patterns among the civilizations. How can you explain why they have these factors in common? What geographic factors might help civilizations develop?

8. Neolithic (New Stone Age) adoption of agriculture (farming). adoption of agriculture (farming).agriculture development of pottery and metal tools development of pottery and metal toolspottery Rise of differentiated occupations Rise of differentiated occupations Agriculture gave humans more control over their food supply Agriculture gave humans more control over their food supply Permanent settlements Permanent settlements Population grew because of surplus food. Population grew because of surplus food. Invention of the wheel Invention of the wheel Communicable diseases become common Communicable diseases become common What does “surplus” mean? Why would having extra food cause populations to increase? What does “differentiated” mean? Why did people start doing different jobs? Why not just all farm and hunt?

9. Aspect of Life PaleolithicDrawing of what daily life might look like Neolithic “Agricultural Revolution”Drawing of what daily life might look like Occupations Food Supply Population Settlement Resources Technology Shelter Hunter- gatherers Wild animals and plants Small bands of isolated people. Little disease. Temporary settlements Wore animal skins. Very low tech stone & bone tools. Fire. Very little trading. Temporary shelters made out of light weight materials. Farmers, herders, priests, warriors, builders, metalworkers etc. Crops & livestock Large groups of people with greater wealth. More diseases Permanent settlements with high walls. Wore cotton, wool, and silk clothes. Used obsidian and metal for tools. Used pottery, calendars, the wheel, & plows. Traded with other groups. Permanent shelters made out of heavy materials. OLD STONE AGENEW STONE AGE

11. New Stone Age (Neolithic Period) Began about 10,000 B.C.) Around 10,000 B.C., people made two very important discoveries. Around 10,000 B.C., people made two very important discoveries. They learned to plant seeds to grow food They learned to plant seeds to grow food They also learned to tame animals—or domestication. They also learned to tame animals—or domestication. These two discoveries allowed people to stay in one place and to farm. These two discoveries allowed people to stay in one place and to farm. Historians call this the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution because it changed the way people lived. Historians call this the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution because it changed the way people lived. Early Farmers What TWO discoveries occurred during the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution? Why didn’t people have to move around like nomads after the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution?