1. Charles-Miller Wabeno, MPH student Walden University PUBH 6165-03 Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Spring, 2010

2. Rabies was first described by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1530 (Yolanda). Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system of warm blooded animals (including humans), and caused encephalitis, or death if unthreated. Rabies virus is a member of a rhabdovius of the gene of Lysavirus. It is also a preventable disease. Reference: Ascension of wildlife Rabies. Yolanda Rotivel. Pasteur Institute, Paris. Retrieved on April 24 th, 2010 from: http://www.fas.org/ahead/docs/rabies.htm

3. The general mode of transmission is through a bite by an infected animal. In the United States, people get infected when they are bitten by infected wild animals, such as raccoons, foxes, skunks, coyotes, and bats. A Caracas of an infected wild dead animal can still transmit the disease to human or to other animals, if humans or animals are exposed to it.

4. Infected domestics farm animals, cats and infected dogs can also transmit the disease to humans. The virus is present in the nerve and saliva gland of an infected rabid animal. Human to human transmission is very rare (Torton, 2000).

5. In Humans: 3 to 8 weeks 9 days 7 years Reference: http://www.wwhd.org/rabies.htm In animals: Several weeks Or few months

6. Fever malaise anorexia Headache Sore throat Increasing nervousness Anxiety General weakness or discomfort

7. Violent movements Uncontrolled excitement Depression Hydrophobia Psycho-maniac disorder Lethargy Coma Death.

8. In humansIn animals

9. Incidence More than 55 000 people died of rabies every year. About 95% of human death occur in Asia and Africa. 30% to 60% of victims of dog bite are children under the age or 15..

10. . Wash the site of the bite with water and soap. Apply 1% quaternary ammonium compounds after washing the bite areas with water and soap..

11. 1. Quarantine the pet for 10 days. 2. Observe if the pet does not develop a disease. 3. If the animal become ill, it is important to get rabid shuts.

12. Vaccines available Rabies vaccine Duck embryo vaccine Attenuated virus vaccine grown in human diploid cells Antirabies antiserum Intramuscular vaccine

13. . Vaccination of domestic animals (dog, cats) If a domestic animal is bitten by a wild animal, contact the veterinary as soon as possible. Do not approach, or try to feed a wild or stray animals (ECDP)..

14. Rabies virus can be transmitted to humans though a bite by wild animals, or even unvaccinated domestic animals. Therefore, it is important to stay away from those animals. Avoid touching dead animals body. Avoid trying to feed wild animals or stray dogs. Rabies is a deadly disease is untreated. In case of exposure it is important to seek medical help; begin rabies post vaccine therapy, if the suspected animal is a stray or wild. The sooner the treatment, the better the prognostic.

15. WHO expert consultation on Rabies. Technical support First report. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-publication Data. 2004: Geneva, Swizerland). Retrieved from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_931_eng.pdf http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_931_eng.pdf CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/ Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene: http://edcp.org/factsheets/rab_fsht.cfm

16. Ascension of wildlife Rabies. Yolanda Rotivel. Pasteur Institute, Paris. Retrieved on April 24 th, 2010 from: : http://www.fas.org/ahead/docs/rabies.htm http://www.fas.org/ahead/docs/rabies.htm Wilkinson L. Understand the nature of rabies: An historical perspective. In:Campbell JB.Charlton KM, editors. Rabies. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988. P. 1-23 Robert V. Gibsons, Charles Rupprecht. Twelve common questions about human rabies and its prevention. Viral and Rickettsial zoonese branch. CDC, 2000. Ascension of wildlife Rabies. Yolanda Rotivel. Pasteur Institute, Paris. Retrieved on April 24 th, 2010 from: http://www.fas.org/ahead/docs/rabies.htm http://www.fas.org/ahead/docs/rabies.htm Rabies. Retrieved on April 25 th, 2010 from: http://www.wwhd.org/rabies.htm http://www.wwhd.org/rabies.htm Rabies. Retrieved on April 25 th, 2010 from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/ http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/

17. WHO expert consultation on Rabies. First report. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-publication Data. 2004: Geneva, Swizerland). Retrieved from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_931_eng.pdf http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_931_eng.pdf Rabies around the World. Retrieved on April 30 th, 2010 from: http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/world/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/world/index.html Rabies around the World. Retrieved on April 30 th, 2010 from: http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/world/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/world/index.html WHO expert consultation on Rabies. First report. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-publication Data. 2004: Geneva, Swizerland). Retrieved from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_931_eng.pdf http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_931_eng.pdf

18. .