1. The Biological Perspective
Chapter 2
Ciccarelli and Meyer

2. Overview of the Nervous System
Neuroscience
Nervous System (Figure 2.1)
Central Nervous System
Brain
Spinal Cord
Plasticity
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Division
Sympathetic Division
Somatic Nervous System
Three Functions of the Nervous System
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3. Three Functions of the Nervous System
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4. Structure of the Neuron
Biological Psychology/Behavioral Neuroscience General Cell Structure Neurons are Specialized Cells -Definition of Neuron -Three Types of Neurons 1) Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons) 2) Interneurons 3) Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons)

5. Parts of a Neuron Parts of a Neuron Soma Dendrites Axon
Neurons in the Body
Neurilemma
Glial Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann Cells (Nodes of Ranvier)
Astrocytes
Microglia
Nerves

6. Image of a Neuron
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7. Central Nervous System: The Reflex Arc
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8. Basic Structure of a Cell
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9. Generating the Message Within the Neuron
Ionic Solution Resting Potential Action Potential All or none Video

10. Sending the message to other cells: The Synapse
Axon Terminals Synaptic Knob Synaptic Vesicles Neurotransmitters Synaptic Gap or Synapse Receptor Sites How do Neurotransmitters get across the synapse Video

11. Neurotransmitters, Messengers of the Network
Agonists/ Antagonists
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine
Neural regulators/ Neural Peptides/ Endorphins

12. Agonist for GABA
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that results in calming anxiety
If a person has anxiety and they are given Diazepam, an agonist for GABA
What happens to someone who takes diazepam

13. Answer
The person becomes calm and the anxiety is reduced.

14. Antagonist for Norephinephrine
Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in arousal (wakefulness)
If a patient has excessive arousal and presents with difficulty sleeping and they are given an antagonist for norepinephrine what happens?

15. Answer
They are able to sleep
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16. Cleaning up the Synapse: Reuptake and Enzymes
Acetylcholine
Enzymatic Degradation
SSRI

17. The Central Nervous System: The Central Processing Unit
The Brain
The Spinal Cord
Neuroplasticity
Stem Cells

18. Figure 2.6- The Spinal Cord Reflex
Reflex Arc
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19. Superman
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20. Looking Inside the Living Brain
Lesioning Studies
Brain Stimulation
Invasive techniques
Noninvasive techniques
Mapping Structure
Mapping Function

21. From the Bottom Up: Structures of the Brain
The Hindbrain
The Brain Stem
Medulla
Pons
The Reticular Formation
Raphe Nuceli
Cerebellum
Alcohol
Alcohol 2

22. Structures under the cortex: Limbic System
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Cingulate Cortex

23. Cortex
Lobes
Association Areas
Cerebral Hemispheres

24. 4 Lobes of the Cortex Occipital Lobes Parietal Lobes Temporal Lobes
Frontal Lobes
Mirror Neurons

25. Association Areas of the Cortex
Broca’s Area
Wernicke’s Area
Spatial Neglect

26. Cerebral Hemispheres Split Brain Research Sex Differences
Left Hemispheres
Right Hemispheres
Controls the right hand
Controls the left hand
Spoken language
Nonverbal
Written language
Visual-spatial perception
Mathematical calculations
Music and artistic processing
Logical thought processes
Emotional thought and recognition
Analysis of detail
Processes the whole
Reading
Pattern recognition/facial recogniiton

27. Applying Psychology to Everyday Life
ADHD
3 Diagnostic Specifications
1) ADHD, predominantly hyperactive
2) ADHD, predominantly inattentive
3) ADHD, combined type
Brain Areas involved
Prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cortical structures, cerebellum, corpus callosum
Causes

28. The Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

29. Somatic Nervous System
Sensory Pathway
Motor Pathway

30. Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division
Parasympathetic Division

31. Distant Connections: The Endocrine Glands
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Pancreas
Gonads
Adrenal

32. Psychology in the News
Myths
Sources

33. Sex Differences Mental Process Male Female
Emotional Expression Right Both Sides
Visual/Spatial Perception Left Both Sides
Vocabulary/Definitions Left Both Sides
Grammar/Language Mechanics Left Left Front
Hand Movements Left Left Front
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34. Neuronal Transmission