1. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 1 TOPIC – BRIEF INTRO “ BRIEF INTRO TO JUTLAND TO JUNK FAMOUS NAVAL BATTLE IN WW I “ SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY { “STS” } BY FRANK J. GADEK, PH.D. “ STILL INITIAL DRAFT ONLY “

2. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 2

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4. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 4

5. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 5 ONE OF GREATEST IN HISTORY INTERNATIONAL NAVAL RACE - BRITAIN & GERMANY NAVAL BATTLE – JUTLAND NAVAL SCUTTLE GERMAN NAVY NAVAL SALVAGE OF SCUTTLING

6. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 6 AN INITIAL BRIEF OVERVIEW THEN MORE SPECIFIC DETAILS

7. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 7 PRESENTATION SECTIONS IN BRIEF “STS” - SCIENCE / TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY & THESE EVENTS SALVAGE GERMAN NAVY SCUTTLING GERMAN NAVY JUTLAND NAVAL BATTLEDETAILS NAVAL ARMS RACE JUTLAND NAVAL BATTLE SCUTTLING GERMAN NAVY SALVAGE GERMAN NAVY INTERESTING / ODD DETAILS SOME REFLECTIONS

8. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 8 SCIENCETECHNOLOGYSOCIETY [STS]

9. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 9 MY FOCUS IS ON: “STS” SCIENCE / TECHNOLOGY / SOCIETY “HOW SCIENCE AFFECTS TECHNOLOGY HOW TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS SOCIETY

10. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 10 PLEASE NOTE: THE FOLLOWING IS THE RESULT OF MY RESEARCH USING NUMEROUS PROFESSIONAL SOURCES MANY OTHER INTERPRETATIONS MAY ALSO BE VALID NO OFFENSE IS INTENDED BUT THE RESEARCH RESULTS ARE VERY DRAMATIC!

11. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 11 AFTER THE PRESENTATION WOULD BE GLAD TO DISCUSS CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS AND OTHER INTERPRETATIONS ALSO MOST INTERESTED IN ANY ADDITIONAL PERTINENT INFORMATION AND NATURALLY, CORRECTIONS OF ANY ERRORS “THANKS FOR COMING!”

12. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 12 SOCIETY MAKES USE OF THE RESULTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOWEVER, THERE CAN BE VERY SERIOUS AND UNEXPECTED CONSEQUENCES THAT RESULT

13. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 13 THROUGH EXPLORING SUCH STS EVENTS A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF STS CAN OCCUR THUS, STS CAN THEN BE BETTER MANAGED FOR THE OVERALL GREATER BENEFIT OF HUMANITY

14. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 14 CULMINATION OF MY MANY “STS” TOPICS I AM INTERESTED IN AND HAVE RESEARCHED

15. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 15 BRIEFLY MY EVOLVING “STS” INTERESTS BRIEFLY MY EVOLVING “STS” INTERESTS: SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMIST WINE / FERMENTATION WEIZMANN FERMENTATION – BACTERIA - ACETONE PRE & WW I – AIR, NAVY, LAND BRITISH NAVY EVOLUTION – SMOKELESS GUN POWDER WIND - > COAL - > OIL - > NUCLEAR WINSTON CHURCHILL GOVT & JACKY FISHER NAVY BOER WAR BRITISH COLONIALISM TEACHING NON-SCIENCE PEOPLE ABOUT “STS” NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GRANTS / PROGRAMS INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE – WINE & OTHERS

16. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 16 BRIEF INTRODUCTION SALVAGE OPERATIONS SCUTTLING GERMAN NAVY BATTLE OF JUTLAND

17. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 17 SALVAGE OPERATIONS IN BRIEF

18. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 18 SALVAGE AT SCAPA FLOW BETWEEN 1924 AND 1939 [15 YEARS] 38 SHIPS RAISED 327,000 TONS OF STEEL RECOVERED & BROKEN UP [GEORGE, P#125]

19. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 19 AMOUNT OF MONEY INVOLVED WITH SALVAGE OPERATIONS WAS SUBSTANTIAL BUT AMOUNT OF MONEY OBTAINED FROM SELLING THE SCRAP METAL WAS ALSO SUBSTANTIAL

20. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 20 “VERY SIMPLY” TO TRY TO ESTIMATE MONEY IN TODAY’S US DOLLARS ASSUME: 1 BRITISH POUND £ = 2 US DOLLARS INFLATION RATE EACH YEAR = 3% THEREFORE, FACTOR FOR INFLATION TO MULTIPLY BY FOR YEARS FROM 1905 TO 2005 OR 2010 = 20 50,000 BRITISH POUNDS £ “PROFIT” / SHIP X 2 = $100,000 US DOLLARS X 20 = $2,000,000

21. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 21 FROM CONSUMER PRICE INDEX [CPI] FROM FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF MINNEAPOLIS WWW.MINNEAPOLISFED.ORG GOODS OR SERVICES IN 1913 = $1 IN 2005 $19.73 [ONLY GOES BACK TO 1913] FROM ECONOMIC HISTORY SERVICES` EXCHANGE RATE BRITISH POUNDS AND US DOLLAR FROM HTTP://EH.NET EH.NET IN 1905 $4.76 US DOLLARS = 1 BRITISH POUND £ IN 2000 $1.52 US DOLLARS = 1 BRITISH POUND AVERAGE 1905 – 2000 $3.28 US DOLLARS = 1 BRITISH POUND £ [ONLY YEARS AVAILABLE] 1924 – 1939 YEARS OF SALVAGE AVERAGE $4.67 US DOLLARS = 1 BRITISH POUND £

22. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 22 TO BE A BIT MORE EXACT: 50000 BRITISH POUNDS £ “PROFIT” / SHIP EQUALS ABOUT $250,000 DURING SALVAGE DATES 1924 – 1939 [AT EXCHANGE RATE OF ABOUT $5 / 1 £ THEN] $1,500,000 TODAY [AT EXHANGE RATE OF $1.52 / 1 £ OF YEAR 2000 & CONSUMER PRICE INDEX = 19.73 FROM 1913 – 2005 = 19.73]

23. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 23 IF ABOUT $2 MILLION DOLLARS IN SALES OF SCRAP METAL IN ESTIMATED IN TODAY’S CURRENCY FROM ONLY ONE SHIP 38 SHIPS SALVAGED OF THE 52 THAT WERE SUNK FROM 1924 TO 1939 OR OVER 15 YEARS THEREFORE, POSSIBLE SALES OF SCRAP METAL COULD REACH ABOUT $90 MILLION DOLLARS ESTIMATED IN TODAY’S CURRENCY

24. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 24 INDEED THE PROFIT ACTUALLY OBTAINED WHEN THE SALVAGE OPERATION WAS MADE MORE EFFICIENT: MCCCRONE’S “AVERAGE” PROFIT 50,000 BRITISH POUNDS £ PER SHIP [ESTIMATE $2,000,000 IN TODAY’S US DOLLARS!!!] [GEORGE, P#102]

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27. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 27 GUNMETAL = A BRONZE = 90% COPPER, 10% TIN, 2% ZINC, 1% LEAD, NICKEL, ANTIMONY, IRON, ALUMINUM, ETC. “MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRONZE” BRASS = COPPER ALLOY WITH A LOT OF ZINC IN IT “MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRASS” NAVAL BRASS = 61 PARTS COPPER + 38 PARTS ZINC + 1 PART TIN SOME MARINE CONDENSER TUBES – A BRONZE = 70% COPPER + 30% NICKEL ADMIRALTY METAL = 70% COPPER + 29% ZINC + 1% TIN [HACKH’S CHEMICAL DICTIONARY, P#392, 142; VAN NOSTRAND’S SCIENTIFIC ENCYCLOPEDIA, P# 235]

28. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 28 SMS FRIEDRICH DER GROSSE KAISER CLASS SHIP = ABOUT 24380 TONS SALVAGE SCRAP = 19717 YIELD OF SALVAGE SCRAP = 81% REUTERS FLAGSHIP – “RIOTOUS” SO MOVED TO EMDEN FIRST TO SINK ALSO SHEER’S FLAGSHIP

29. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 29 SALVAGE BATTLESHIP BAYERN = 28,075 TONS 23,520 TONS ESTIMATED COULD BE SALVAGED [ESTIMATED % YIELD = 84%] 20,835 TONS ACTUALLY SALVAGED [ACTUAL % YIELD = 74%] ESTIMATED SALES VALUE 118,463 BRITISH POUNDS £ ACTUAL PROFIT WAS 50,000 BRITISH POUNDS £ [OR 42% PROFIT OF ESTIMATED SALES VALUE] ESTIMATED IN TODAY’S US DOLLARS = ABOUT $2,000,000 PROFIT / SHIP [GEORGE, P#113]

30. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 30

31. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 31 TOTAL POSSIBLE SALVAGABLE TONS OF ALL SCUTTLED SHIPS AT SCAPA FLOW = 464,570 [INCLUDES SUNK & BEACHED, BUT NOT TORPEDO- DESTROYERS] SO BASED ON DATA ON SMS FRIEDRICH DER GROSSE 81% YIELD = 376,301 POSSIBLE SALVAGABLE TONS AT $1,824,830 / 19717 TONS FOR FRIEDRICH DER GROSSE [ESTIMATED TODAY’S US DOLLARS] OR $93 / TON SO ACTUAL POSSIBLE 376,301 SALVAGABLE TONS = $34,995,993 ACTUAL POSSIBLE SALES OF SCRAP METAL [ESTIMATED TODAY’S US DOLLARS]

32. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 32 SCUTTLING OF THE GERMAN NAVY IN BRIEF

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34. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 34

35. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 35 “GREATEST ACT OF MATERIAL SELF- DESTRUCTION IN THE HISTORY OF WARFARE”

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43. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 43 SCAPA FLOW: A VERY DESOLATE AND ISOLATED PLACE!!!

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48. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 48 JUTLAND NAVAL BATTLE IN BRIEF

49. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 49 JUTLAND NAVAL BATTLE WAS ONLY MAJOR NAVAL WW I BATTLE BUT RESULTS WERE BASICALLY “INCONCLUSIVE”

50. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 50 BOTH SIDES WERE “VERY CONSERVATIVE” IN USING THEIR VERY EXPENSIVE AND POLITICALLY SENSITIVE NAVAL FLEETS BASICALLY: BRITISH CAUTIOUSLY BLOCKADED GERMANY TO EXERT ECONOMIC NEGATIVE FORCES GERMANS CAUTIOUSLY TESTED THE BLOCKADE, BUT MOSTLY REMAINED IN THE SECURITY OF THEIR HOME PORT

51. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 51 LAND FORCES BASICALLY CONTINUED FIGHTING IN A STALEMATE OF THE NEW “TRENCH WARFARE” AIR FORCES WERE JUST BEGINNING TO BE DEVELOPED AND USED

52. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 52 THEREFORE, SOME MAINTAIN THAT IT WAS THE BRITISH NAVAL BLOCKADE THAT REALLY ULTIMATELY WON WW I

53. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 53 THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND A DANISH PENINSULA THE GERMANS REFERED TO IT AS THE BATTLE OF SKAGERRAK – STRAIT BETWEEN NORWAY, SWEDEN AND JUTLAND OF DENMARK [GEORGE, P#8]

54. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 54 IRONY: “VERY EXPENSIVE NAVAL ARMS RACE” ENDED WITH LITTLE USE OF SO EXPENSIVE AND POLITICALLY SENSITIVE “HIGH TECH” NAVIES GERMAN NAVY SCUTTLED BY GERMANS AND ULTIMATELY THE METAL REMAINS ONLY SALVAGED AS FROM A “JUNKYARD” FOR OTHER USES

55. JUTLAND TO JUNKYARD COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 02/14/2005 55 TO BE CONTINUED AS INTEREST & RESOURCES PERMIT JUST LET ME KNOW !