1. Key Terms – Japan and Feudalism (2) Toyotomi Hideyoshi Muskets Francis Xavier Zen Buddhism Tokugawa Shogunate Bakuhan System Ninja Isolationism Kabuki Haiku

2. Political Turmoil From 1330-1568, the Ashikaga clan ruled Japan and allowed control to fall to the daimyos due to their weak rule. Civil wars would erupt leaving Japan without a ruler until Oba Nobunaga managed to gain control of Kyoto. Nobunaga would not live long enough to gain complete control leading to his general, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gaining control of a unified Japan in 1590 Hideyoshi would attempt to conquer Korea but would be unable to do so

3. European Arrival Europeans would manage to enter into Japan before the establishment of Canton and Macau in China in 1542 by the Portuguese. Japanese would acquire knowledge about muskets → long barreled firearms similar to rifles. Frances Xavier would also arrive in Japan and convert many Japanese to Christianity.  Many Japanese would convert to Christianity but would not gain the traction that Zen Buddhism would gain

4. Portuguese Trading Ports in Asia

5. Japan in 1600

6. Zen Buddhism Monks would introduce a new version of Buddhism to Japan. It involved special forms of meditation used to gain enlightenment at a faster rate. This new religion would be known as Zen Buddhism and would be based on the idea of zen or peace. Zen Buddhists make use of gardens and quiet activities to meditate and ruminate about the happenings of their lives. Uses some ideas of feng shui

7. Zen Gardens

8. Feng Shui

9. Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Ieyasu would gain control of the daimyos in Japan and start the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Shogunate would now become a hereditary position. Some changes were instituted by the shogunate: Capital was moved from Kyoto to Edo (Tokyo) Bakuhan government was used → limited the power of the daimyos, forced them to move to the capital.  Daimyos lost power and could not mount rebellions

10. Ninjas A new form of warrior arrived over time in Japan. Many warriors chose a divergent form of training from that of the samurai, one that focused more on stealth and mission-oriented combat. This warrior was known as the ninja → warriors who wore little armor, used explosives and small weapons, and were used as assassins. The ninja was well respected for his ability to infiltrate different areas and clans and to avoid capture. Women would also take up this art and form their own smaller ninja circles known as the Kunoichi → rarely were caught, were important to rulers as infiltrators and saboteurs

11. Ninja Components

12. Social Structure Society was reorganized within the Tokugawa Shogunate. Peasants were given more power since it was on the back of their labor that the society ran. Merchants were still in the lower class because they held little to no skill. Artisans became the third class in this society because of their ability to maintain the weapons and armor of the samurai. The samurai became the highest class below the daimyos and shoguns.

13. Isolationism The Japanese began to believe that traders from other countries were having a negative impact on Japanese society. Began to remove many Europeans from Japanese cities. Closed ports to Europeans and only allowed a set amount of ships to enter the port at Nagasaki yearly. Ended the spread of Christianity and forced missionaries to leave Japan. Mimicked the Canton System of trading in China.

14. Changes in Art Japanese art became significantly more unique over the 16 th and 17 th Centuries. Some changes include: The introduction of kabuki plays → used people dressed in bright makeup singing, dancing and acting. The use of haiku poetry → poetry written with a specific syllabic scheme and used very few lines to pass on a message. The use of landscape art

15. Kabuki

16. Japanese Landscape Art