1. Chapter 27 Feudalism and Japanese Reunification

2. Ming vs. Qing China Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty 1300s-1600s 1300s-1600s Positives: Cultural achievements (literature, porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, trade with Europe, Zheng He) Positives: Cultural achievements (literature, porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, trade with Europe, Zheng He) Negatives/Decline: Weak rulers, pirating off east coast, silver influx (inflation), shrinking agricultural yields, invaders from north (extensive borders were difficult to protect) Negatives/Decline: Weak rulers, pirating off east coast, silver influx (inflation), shrinking agricultural yields, invaders from north (extensive borders were difficult to protect) Replaced by Manchus from the North (Qing) Replaced by Manchus from the North (Qing) Qing Dyansty Qing Dyansty 1600s-1900s 1600s-1900s Gov’t controls trade in one city: Canton (exported tea) Gov’t controls trade in one city: Canton (exported tea) Favorable Balance of Trade (many exports/few imports) Favorable Balance of Trade (many exports/few imports) Aggressive anti-foreigner policies Aggressive anti-foreigner policies No foreign goods No Christianity – banned in 1724 Decline in late 1700s, early 1800s Decline in late 1700s, early 1800s Rapid population growth Poverty, lack of tech / scientific achievements ****BECOMES HEAVILY DOMINATED BY EUROPE IN THE 1800s

4. Feudal Japan After 1185 – Japan was ruled by Shoguns – military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who was figurehead) – After 1185 – Japan was ruled by Shoguns – military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who was figurehead) – “Japanese Feudalism” – political and social, decentralized system “Japanese Feudalism” – political and social, decentralized system By 13-1400s, Japan broke down into Feudalism – in reality ruled by Daimyo - landowning aristocrats By 13-1400s, Japan broke down into Feudalism – in reality ruled by Daimyo - landowning aristocrats Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to arrive in the 1500s and exercise influence Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to arrive in the 1500s and exercise influence The Dutch arriveThe Dutch arrive Trade with EuropeTrade with Europe Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity

5. Reunification of Japan Effort to restore power in centralized, powerful shoguns Effort to restore power in centralized, powerful shoguns Occurs with the Tokugawa Shogunate - 1603 Characteristics: Occurs with the Tokugawa Shogunate - 1603 Characteristics: New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo)New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo) Centralized rule; emperor still a figurehead; lasting peaceCentralized rule; emperor still a figurehead; lasting peace Samurai keep elite status – citizens can’t own weaponsSamurai keep elite status – citizens can’t own weapons Women’s status changesWomen’s status changes

6. Japanese Isolationism Japan had traded with Europe – going back to 1500s Japan had traded with Europe – going back to 1500s Tokugawa gov’t saw Europeans as barbaric Tokugawa gov’t saw Europeans as barbaric Banned missionariesBanned missionaries Banned gunpowder importationBanned gunpowder importation 1649-1720: Only could trade at one Japanese port (Nagasaki) – then shut it down altogether1649-1720: Only could trade at one Japanese port (Nagasaki) – then shut it down altogether

7. Successes of the Tokugawa Restored peace / stability Restored peace / stability Good agricultural yields – population increases Good agricultural yields – population increases Edo grows as one of world’s largest Edo grows as one of world’s largest

8. How were the Qing Dynasty and the Tokugawa Shogunate similar (esp. with respect to contacts with the outside world?) How were the Qing Dynasty and the Tokugawa Shogunate similar (esp. with respect to contacts with the outside world?) What accounted for each government’s adoption of isolationist policies? (Why did it occur) What accounted for each government’s adoption of isolationist policies? (Why did it occur) What would be some of the long- term outcomes of Chinese and Japanese isolationism in the period 1600-1800? What would be some of the long- term outcomes of Chinese and Japanese isolationism in the period 1600-1800?