1. Discussion on Adoption of CA LEV Wednesday, December 5, 2007 Gregory Dana Consultant to The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers

2. Lead Time Issues Under the CAA, states must give manufacturers 2 years lead-time ▫This is based on a model year beginning January 2 nd and ending the following December 31st It takes about 3-4 years to design a new vehicle It takes about 6-7 years to design a new engine and powertrain

3. ZEV Mandate “Zero Emission Vehicle” History: ▫1990 California adopts ZEV mandate:  Calls for 10% of all new vehicles emit zero emissions.  CARB later acknowledges this was not economically feasible and dramatically scales back the program. EPA said in a rulemaking on January 25, 1995 that the ZEV mandate was separable from the LEV program ▫“a LEV program….need not include the ZEV sales requirement.” ME did not adopt the ZEV mandate initially, but did so later WA does not have the ZEV mandate

4. ZEV Mandate Today: ▫ZEV mandate focuses on fuel cell vehicles (which cost $500K to $1M) The most recent proposed changes again push battery electric cars, plug-in hybrids and fuel cell vehicles The ZEV mandate will require costly new infrastructure requirements in the State ▫ie: fueling stations

5. PZEV Requirements “Partial Zero Emission Vehicle” A PZEV is a vehicle that meets the SULEV (“super ultra low emission vehicle”) standards and has a 15 yr/150,000 mile warranty SULEV: ▫0.010 HC, 1.0 CO, and 0.02 NOx ▫These standards are 120, 000 mile standards

6. Recalls and Warranties Any CARB recall applies to all CA certified vehicles in any state “Super warranty” applies to the 15yr/150K mile warranty that PZEVs have to meet ▫These warranties are expensive for the manufacturer ▫The aftermarket service industry feels these provisions take business away from them

7. Car and Light Truck Statistics In FL, 51% of the new vehicle fleet is cars, 49% is light trucks Of the light trucks, the breakdown is: ▫56% SUVs ▫12% Minivans ▫28% Pick-up trucks ▫4% Vans