1. RADIATION SAFETY ORIENTATION COURSE

2. Ionizing Radiation - can deposit energy in neighboring atoms resulting in the removal of electrons. NUCLEAR RADIATION X-RADIATION

3. Ionization of an Atom

5. 1 ROENTGEN (R) = 2.58 X 10 -4 coulombs kg 1 RAD (RAD) = 100 ergs per gram 1 REM (REM = 1 RAD X Q factor Q factors gamma & beta = 1 thermal n = 2 fast n = 10 alpha = 20 FOR GAMMA & BETA RADIATION 1 ROENTGEN » 1 RAD » 1 REM

7. HALF LIFE Time 1 ½ Half Life is the length of time it takes for a amount of radioactive material to decay to one half it’s original amount.

8. DECAY EQUATION A t = A 0 e - A t = activity at time t A 0 = activity at time 0 t ½ = isotope half life t = time from 0 0.693 t ½ ( ) t

9. SHIELDING

10. WHY DON’T milliRem = milliCuries SHIELDING ISOTOPE ENERGY METER EFFICIENCY

11. ENVIRONMENTALSOURCES OF OF RADIATION RADIATION COSMIC EARTHPEOPLE

14. Consumer Products

15. BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION

16. POTENTIAL LATENT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE RADIATION EXPOSURE GENETICCANCER

17. ACUTE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO RADIATION EXPOSURE X-RAY / GAMMA EXPOSURE EXPOSURE BETA EXPOSURE

19. Preparation Designate and label areas for working with radioactive material Label all containers with a radioactive material label and specify the isotope No eating, drinking or smoking in the laboratory No mouth pipetting of radioactive material

20. Conducting the Research Use spill trays and absorbent covering Use fume hoods for handling potentially volatile material Wear laboratory coat, disposable gloves, and laboratory safety glasses Use gloves appropriate for the chemicals to be handled

21. Post Research Monitor and decontaminate surfaces as described in Chapter 7 of the Radiation Safety Manual Dispose of radioactive waste in waste containers in accordance with Appendix G in the Radiation Safety Manual. Ensure the container is labeled with a "Radioactive Material" label and specify the radioisotope in the container.

22. PERFORM MONTHLY SURVEYS  MAINTAIN THE SECURITY OF ISOTOPES, INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE WASTE

23. Contamination Limits Swipe test results Laboratory Areas < 1000 DPM per 100 square cm Unrestricted Areas (everywhere else) < 200 DPM per 100 square cm

24. DESIGNATE AND LABEL RADIOACTIVE WORK AREAS LABEL ALL CONTAINERS AND ITEMS POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED

25. Door between Food and Radiation

27. Lab Hygiene

29. Normal Tc99m Scan

30. Abnormal Tc99m Scan

31. MEDICAL USES OF MEDICAL USES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND AND RADIATION RADIATION

34. TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE A S L OW A S R EASONABLY A CHIEVABLE ALARA YOU WILL PRACTICE PRINCIPLES

35. EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS TIMEDISTANCESHIELDING

36. TIME THE SHORTER THE TIME EXPOSED TO RADIATION, THE SMALLER THE RADIATION DOSE RECEIVED.

37. DISTANCE AS YOU INCREASE THE DISTANCE FROM THE RADIATION SOURCE, THE RADIATION LEVELS DECREASE. FOR A POINT SOURCE : mR/hr 1 mR/hr 2 mR/hr 1 mR/hr 2 (distance 2 ) 2 (distance 1 ) 2 = INVERSE SQUARE LAW

38. SHIELDING

39. METHODS OF CONTAMINATION CONTROL 1. GLOVES 2. LAB COATS OR APRONS 3. DECONTAMINATE 4. FUME HOODS 5. GLOVE BOX 6. PROTECTIVE SUITS 1 2 345 6

40. PERSONALEXPOSUREMONITORING EXTERNAL INTERNAL

41. Whole Body5000 millirem/yr Lens of Eye15000 millirem/yr Skin50000 millirem/yr Extremity50000 millirem/yr Minors10% of Adult Embryo/Fetus500 millirem 100 millirem/yr

42. INTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS CONTAINMENT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BIOASSAY PROGRAM

43. BIOASSAY INTERNAL RADIATION MONITORING I-131 & I-125 H-3, C-14, S-35, P-32

44. PRENATAL RADIATION RADIATION EXPOSURE EXPOSURE The University of Kentucky limits the dose to an embryo or fetus during the entire pregnancy, due to occupational exposure of a declared pregnant woman, to 500 millirem.

45. DECLARATION OF PREGNANCY IN WRITING TO THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER WILL LOWER THE DOSE TO THE FETUS TO 5OO MILLIREM FOR THE TERM OF THE PREGNANCY

47. U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORYCOMMISSION DOT, FAA FDA, EPA, FEMA IATA KY RADIATION CONTROLBRANCH UNIVERSITY OF OF KENTUCKY KENTUCKY

48. RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE OFFICE RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE COMMITTEE PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR INVESTIGATOR AUTHORIZED USER RADIATION WORKER WORKER

50. ORDERING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL UTILIZE APPENDIX ‘E’ OF THE RADIATION SAFETY MANUAL ORDERS HAVE TO BE FAXED OR DELIVERED TO 102 A/P BY 11:30 AM FOR NEXT DAY DELIVERY

51. INVENTORY REPORTS DOCUMENT AND FAX TO 3-4752 MONTHLY DOCUMENT ACTIVITY IN NON-DECAY AMOUNTS INDICATE THE DATE WHEN A VIAL / SOURCE HAS BEEN COMPLETELY DISPOSED IN THE WASTE

52. RECEIVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ALL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TRANSPORTED ONTO UK PROPERTY MUST HAVE A SURVEY AND MANIFEST PROTOCOL PERFORMED BY RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE

53. THIS INCLUDES: ROUTINE ORDERS SEALED SOURCES FREE SAMPLES OFF CAMPUS TRANSFERS

54. SHIPPING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ALL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TRANSPORTED OFF OF UK PROPERTY MUST HAVE A SURVEY AND MANIFEST PROTOCOL PERFORMED BY RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE

56. Contamination Limits NORMAL LABORATORY OPERATIONS

57. CLEARING RADIOACTIVE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT MUST BE CLEARED BY RSO TRANSFER TO SURPLUS SHIPPING TO MFG FOR REPAIR CLOSING A RADIATION LAB

58. SURVEY REQUIREMENTS EACH LAB MUST DOCUMENT A METER SURVEY AND A SWIPE SURVEY FOR EVERY CALENDAR MONTH. EXCEPTION: C-14, H-3 AND S-35 LABS ARE EXEMPT FROM METER SURVEY DOCUMENTATION

59. AUDIO RESET SELECT CALIBRATION BATTERIES METER RESPONSE PROBE

60. LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER SET-UP ISOTOPE WINDOW SETTINGS MULTI-ISOTOPE SINGLE ISOTOPE 3 H 14 C, 35 S 32 P 0 - 20 keV 20 - 200 keV 200 - 1000 keV 0 - 20 keV 0 - 200 keV 0 - 1000 keV

61. DPM = CPM CPMEFFICIENCY TYPICAL EFFICIENCIES 3 H 3 H 14 C, 35 S 32 P 32 P 25-40 % 25-40 % 60 % 60 % 100 %

62. Staff Training Records-keeping Communications Good Housekeeping Other safety considerations

64. WASTE PICKUP WASTE CONTAINERS WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE 10 & 32 GAL WASTE LINERS ARE ALSO PROVIDED(CLEAR) AQUEOUS LIQUID CARBOYS ARE PROVIDED WASTE TICKETS MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN FOR EACH PICKUP - ISOTOPE AND ACTIVITY FOR ALL TICKETS LIQUID CARBOYS-pH AND CONSTITUENTS

65. DRY WASTE PAPER, PLASTIC, GLOVES, UNBROKEN GLASSWARE SEGREGATE IN 120 DAY HALFLIFE GLASS PIPETTES AND BROKEN GLASSWARE - SEGREGATE IN CARDBOARD BOX NO HAZARDOUS, BIOHAZARDOUS, LIQUID MATERIAL OR HEAVY METALS (RED BAGS MUST BE DEACTIVATED)

66. DRY WASTE DEFACE ALL RADIATION SYMBOLS IN WASTE WITH < 120 DAY HALF-LIFE

67. LIQUID WASTE NO SOLID MATERIAL (PIPETTE TIPS ETC.) NO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCLUDING: ORGANICS, BIOHAZARDS OR HEAVY METALS (BLEACH MAY BE ADDED TO DEACTIVATE BIOHAZARDOUS COMPONENT) SEGREGATE P-32 IF POSSIBLE CARBOYS MUST BE CAPPED DURING STORAGE

68. SCINTILLATION WASTE LEAVE THE VIALS INTACT, WITH CAPS ON THEM SEGREGATE P-32 IF POSSIBLE TRACK ISOTOPE AND ACTIVITY OF VIALS IN SHARED LABS

69. ANIMAL WASTE CARCASSES MUST BE FROZEN WASTE TICKET WITH ISOTOPE AND ACTIVITY BEDDING AND EXCREMENT MAY BE RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN SOME SITUATIONS

70. EMERGENCY RESPONSE NOTIFY THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE WHEN: A CONTAMINATION EVENT INVOLVES PERSONNEL A SPILL IS GREATER THAN ~100 MICROCURIES RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ARE MISSING (INCLUDING WASTE) FIRE, EXPLOSION, OR OTHER INCIDENT COULD SPREAD CONTAMINATION IN A RADIATION LAB

71. EMERGENCY RESPONSE In case of an accident involving contamination of personnel, the following steps should be taken in the order listed. Personnel Protection If hazard is extreme (high radiation level or suspect air contamination), evacuate the area immediately; close and lock the door. Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated parts of the body thoroughly with detergent. Contact the Radiation Safety Office (323-6777)/after hours Campus 911. Warn fellow workers of the spill hazard and keep others out of the area.

72. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Contamination Control Localize area of spill. Place absorbent material over a liquid spill. Do not track contamination out of the spill area, if possible. Remove shoes at the edge of contaminated area. If contamination is widespread outside the laboratory, it may be necessary to call the Campus Police (911) to assist in securing the area. Check all objects and clothing for contamination before leaving the area.

73. EMERGENCY RESPONSE DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES Abortive attempts at decontamination can make things much worse. Unless immediate action is demanded to safeguard personnel, decontamination should be done under the supervision of Radiation Safety personnel. Laboratory personnel are normally required to perform the major portion of the decontamination. Radiation Safety personnel will determine the procedures and equipment to be used and will render assistance as necessary.