1. Some Simple Music Fundamentals

2. Melody On top What you whistle Often has lyrics More interesting rhythm Prominence Loudest

3. Harmony On bottom More than one pitch Changes less frequently Softer Less interesting rhythm Fills in beneath melody

4. Counterpoint More than one melody at the same time Complicated Can be hard to follow Different entrances Imitative

5. Major key Happy Often fast Both harmony and melody

6. Minor key Sad Often slow Both harmony and melody

7. Rhythm Changing durations of notes one after another Gives character to melody

8. Meter Typically 2, 3, or 4 based Waltz for 3 March for 4 Organizes rhythm, melody and harmony

9. Dynamics Loud Soft Medium

10. Scales Stepwise motion up or down Smooth Fast Not very interesting Outer notes most important

11. Arpeggios Chords but not sounding together Sound likes scales with missing notes Good way to give harmony motion

12. Triads Typical for tonal harmony Consonant (simple sounding)

13. Consonance Triads

14. Dissonance Scales played simultaneously Harsh Difficult to listen to Usually followed by consonance (particularly in tonal music)

15. Tempo Fast Slow Medium

16. Active Listening Sing what you hear as you hear it Sing what you hear right after you hear it Conduct the meter as you hear it Tap your feet to the rhythm Dance to it Don’t just sit and listen - no information in that.

17. Timbre The color of a pitch Same note can sound different with different timbres Guitar C, flute C, violin C, piano C, all the same pitch but different sound