1. The Dynamic Earth
Chapter 3

2. Layers of the Earth
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Geosphere

3. The Geosphere
Chapter 1, Section 1

4. The Composition of Earth
The upper and lower crust, the mantle, and the core
Core – Earth’s innermost compositional layer

5. Earthquake
An earthquake is the vibrations of the Earth’s crust caused by slippage along a fault
The energy released by an earthquake occurs in the form of seismic waves

6. Volcanoes
A mountain built from magma – melted rock – that rises from the Earth’s interior to the surface
Most are located around the Pacific Rim

7. Which of the following does NOT both remove and add gases to the atmosphere?
Plants
Animals
Automobiles
Volcanic Eruptions

8. Wind and Water Erosion
Likely to effect: mountains, beaches, soil, soft rocks
Not Likely to effect: tides

9. The Atmosphere
Chapter 1, Section 2

10. Layers of Atmosphere Troposphere – Nearest Earth’s surface
The densest atmospheric layer
Where all of Earth’s weather occurs
Stratosphere – O-Zone layer
Mesosphere – Coldest layer of atmosphere
Thermosphere – Where nitrogen and oxygen absorb solar radiation The topmost layer
Ionosphere – the lower Thermosphere

12. Greenhouse Gasses
GREENHOUSE gases in the atmosphere, including WATER VAPOR, trap radiated heat and help maintain surface air temperature

13. Surface Currents
Surface currents in the ocean can influence CLIMATES OF land areas they flow past because they CARRY WARMER OR COLDER WATER GREAT DISTANCES

14. Mechanisms of Energy Transfer
Radiation – The transfer of energy across space
Conduction – The flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact
Convection – The transfer of heat by air currents

15. The Hydrosphere and Biosphere
Chapter 3, Section 3

16. Hydrosphere Includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface
What about the water below Earth’s surface?
There are two types of water: salt water and fresh water, in which salt water obviously contains more salt

17. The Water Cycle
The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water
Evaporation – the process in which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor
Condensation – water vapor that forms droplets on dust particles
Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds

19. Aerosols
Aerosols are tiny, liquid droplets found in the atmosphere

20. World Ocean
A single, large, interconnected body of water that covers 70% of Earth’s surface

21. Ocean Layers Surface Zone, Thermocline, and Deep Zone
The DEEP ZONE of ocean is from base of thermocline to the bottom of the ocean

23. What drives the ocean surface currents?
Tectonic plates
Gravity
Salinity
Wind

24. Deepest Ocean
The four main oceans are the Arctic, Indian, Atlantic, and the Pacific
The deepest ocean is the Pacific
Called the Challenger Deep
11,033 m below sea level

25. Thermocline
Boundary between warm and cold water in ocean or lake

26. Where is most of the World’s fresh water?
Only ~3% of the world’s water is fresh water
Most of the world’s fresh water is found in the ice caps and glaciers

27. Tributaries
Tributaries are smaller streams or rivers that flow into larger ones

28. Recharge Zone
Land surface area where water enters an aquifer

29. Pack Ice
Forms when frozen seawater is driven together by wind and waves

30. Picture References Listed in order that they appear
state.edu/education/rr/index.php?activity=layers_of_the_ea rth
volcano-blow-up-to-cover-an-entire-continent-with-ash
fig5-1.htm 14