1. 1 Today’s topic is population growth

2. 2 What we are going to look at: Some new geographical terms – so we all know what we mean when we say certain things Having looked at the map of world population density, we are going to compare it with a map of population growth, and see the similarities and differences Next – what factors encourage populations to grow or shrink After that a diagram called a demographic transition model which explains why populations change, over time and between different countries of the world. Finally to look at another diagram type, the population pyramid which helps explain what is happening right now in different places.

3. 3 Population Clock How many people are there in the world NOW?

4. 4 Click here to find out! http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/7-billion

5. 5 Introduction Birth RateBirth Rate The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population Death RateDeath Rate The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population Natural Increase (or decrease)Natural Increase (or decrease) is the difference between Birth Rate and Death Rate population changeWhereas population change has to take into account of any immigration or emigration When would there a a natural increase? A natural decrease?

6. 6 What factors influence birth & death rates? Women have a better education now and careers. They have less time for a family Better roads and communications mean that food and emergency services can reach all areas of the country Several religions encourage big families Diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and typhoid can cause many deaths. Parents want to buy things for their children, so they have a small family and can spend their money on just 1 or 2 children. So many children die before they are 5 years old that parents have lots of babies in the hope that at least some will survive. There’s no family planning or birth control available. Improved medical care and more doctors and nurses Clean water and proper sewage systems keep people healthy Few doctors and hospitals mean that even simple injuries and illnesses are dangerous. Poor farmers need lots of children to help them work the land and help earn money. A big family is a kind of insurance policy, making sure that there are children and grandchildren to look after you when you are old.

7. 7 Factors influencing population growth Impact on population size Birth rateDeath rate increase decrease

8. 8 Influence birth or death rates? A big family is a kind of insurance policy, making sure that there are children and grandchildren to look after you when you are old. Increase or decrease? Why? There’s no family planning or birth control available.

9. 9 Influence birth or death rates? Few doctors and hospitals mean that even simple injuries and illnesses are dangerous Increase or decrease? Why? Poor farmers need lots of children to help them work the land and help earn money.

10. 10 Influence birth or death rates? Clean water and proper sewage systems keep people healthy So many children die before they are 5 years old that parents have lots of babies in the hope that at least some will survive. Increase or decrease? Why?

11. 11 Influence birth or death rates? Better roads and communications mean that food and emergency services can reach all areas of the country, so fewer people die. Increase or decrease? Why? Women have a better education now and careers. They have less time for a family and have fewer children

12. 12 Influence birth or death rates? Improved medical care and more doctors and nurses produce lower death rates Increase or decrease? Why? Parents want to buy things for their children, so they have a small family and can spend their money on just 1 or 2 children.

13. 13 Influence birth or death rates? Diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, cholera and typhoid can cause many deaths. Increase or decrease? Why? Several religions encourage big families

14. 14 World Population Density – by country

15. 15

16. 16 Cartograms equal area cartogramsThe maps are equal area cartograms, otherwise known as density-equalising maps. The cartogram re-sizes each territory according to the variable being mapped. To have a look at more of these go to http://www.worldmapper.org/textindex/t ext_index.htmlhttp://www.worldmapper.org/textindex/t ext_index.html which is the index of all their maps – scroll down to get subjects like communication

17. 17 World map by population size

18. 18 World map by number of Births

19. 19 Notice how Japan, Europe and the US shrinks? More children are born each year in Africa than are born in the Americas, all of Europe and Japan put together. Worldwide, more than a third of a million new people will be born on your birthday this year.

20. 20 How have population growth patterns changed? Demographic transition model Birth rate and death rate high, low popula tion, stable Birth rate high and death rate lower, increasing population Birth rate and death rate lower, increasing population Birth rate and death rate low, high popula tion, stable

21. 21 As you saw this was what it was like in the UK over time But different countries in the world at different stages in the present Stage 1: Birth rate and death rate are high - low natural increase - low total population Stage 2: Birth rate is high - death rate is falling - high natural increase (population growth) Stage 3: Falling birth rate - low death rate - high natural increase (population growth) Stage 4: Birth rate and death rate is low - low natural increase - high total population Which stage do you think Brazil, Mexico, Australia and Sudan are at?

22. 22

23. 23 Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country. Annotating a LIC population triangle

24. 24 Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country. Annotating a HIC population triangle

25. 25 Population in millions MaleFemale In this country the birth rate is decreasing. In the future the elderly people will make up the largest section of the population in this country. This is happening more and more in many of the world’s richer countries.

26. 26 Homework This is a bit of mix and match set – a few multiple choices and filling in the gaps – all about today’s lesson – but if you have completed today’s notes, you should be fine