1. Instinct  inborn, unlearned behavior  Triggered by releasers – Ex. male Robins  Inherited circuitry  Fixed action pattern – not simple reflexes, not decisions Ex. Egg rolling by a goose.

2. Learning  Brought on by an experience  Imprinting, Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, Insight

3. Imprinting  Form of learning that occurs during a brief time  Gosling recognize mother’s call and follow

4. Classical Conditioning  Pavlov’s dogs  Associative learning – dog’s associate bell with food and salivate.

5. Operant Conditioning  B.F. Skinner  Animal’s behavior determines reward or punishment  Habituation – response to stimuli with no consequence will result in no response. Ex. Marine worm

6. Insight  The ability to figure out behavior that generates a desired outcome  Involves problem solving and reasoning  Humans and chimpanzees

7. Internal Clocks  Circadian rhythm  Plants and animals both have rhythm  Daily rhythms

8. Communication  Chemical, visual, electrical, tactile  Pheromones – chemical signals  Fireflies pulsed flashes – visual  Fish send and receive weak electrical pulses  Tactile - using mechanoreceptors in the skin to detect prey

9. Social Behavior  Agonistic – aggressive behavior “showing”  Dominance hierarchies  Territoriality  Altruistic