1. Changes in the Law Demographics Technology Values National Emergencies

2. Demographic Changes Demography: The study of human populations Demographic Transition: The historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a population. Mortality declines before fertility resulting in substantial population increase during the transition phase

3. Birth and Death Rates Crude Birth rate: the total number of live births in a given period for every 1,000 people already living CBR= #live births/total pop. x 1,000 Crude Death Rate: Same, but total amounts of death CDR = # Deaths/total pop. x 1,000

4. Replacement –Level Fertility Level of fertility at which a couple has only enough children to replace themselves Canada is currently at approx. 2.1 children per couple Rate of Natural increase: approx 112,000 in 2005, over 300,000 in 1960

5. Fertility Rate in Canada

6. Number of Births and Deaths

7. Canada and Demographics 1900: Canada was primarily rural Baby Boom: early 1950s-1965 Increase move to “suburbs”

8. Legal Changes Workplace safety Sanitation Public Health Housing Cleaner and safer places to live

9. Potential Changes Elderly persons: Pensions, retirement options, care, abuse Increase awareness of birth rates Schools and education Real estate Lots!!!

10. Technological Changes British North American Act (Constitution Act), 1867 Federal government: Criminal Law, National Defence, Trade, Commerce Provincial government: hospitals, education and municipalities Telephone? Airplane? Radio? Television? Internet?

11. Issues Who was to be put in charge of what Crimes in association with technology Technology monopolies? Napster

12. Changes in Values People used to do and say the most craziest things…. – Drunk Driving, No seatbelts, women’s rights, children’s rights, safety regulations, environmental concerns, etc etc etc – Lobby groups: number of people trying to influence legislators on behalf of a particular cause or interest

14. Changes to the law Drunk Driving Smoking Landlord/Tenant relations Aboriginals Sexual orientation

15. National Emergencies Parliament passes laws in response to conditions created by National emergencies Temporary/Permenant War Measures Act Income Tax Act Anti-Terrorism Act

16. Possibility of Change Communism vs. democracy Rule of Law: principle that society is governed by laws applying equally to all persons and that neither any person nor the government is above the law Formulated in the Magna Carta

17. Magna Carta English barons forced King John to sign in 1215 3 Parts – Law is necessary in an orderly society – Law applies equally to everyone – Person’s legal rights will not be taken away except in accordance with the law

18. Challenge and Change Change as a result of individual action – Nelson Mandela Challenging Laws in Court – Dr. Henry Morgentaler Change as a result of Collective Action – Lobby Groups, Royal Commissions, legal scholarship, political demonstrations