1. 1 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Chapter 5 Software Project Planning

2. 2 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Software Project Planning The overall goal of project planning is to establish a pragmatic strategy for controlling, tracking, and monitoring a complex technical project. Why? So the end result gets done on time, with quality!

3. 3 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 The Steps  Scoping—understand the problem and the work that must be done  Estimation—how much effort? how much time?  Risk—what can go wrong? how can we avoid it? what can we do about it?  Schedule—how do we allocate resources along the timeline? what are the milestones?  Control strategy—how do we control quality? how do we control change?

4. 4 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 To Understand Scope...  Understand the customers needs  understand the business context  understand the project boundaries  understand the customer’s motivation  understand the likely paths for change  understand that... Even when you understand, nothing is guaranteed!

5. 5 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Write it Down! SoftwareProjectPlan Project Scope EstimatesRisksSchedule Control strategy

6. 6 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Cost Estimation project scope must be explicitly defined task and/or functional decomposition is necessary historical measures (metrics) are very helpful at least two different techniques should be used remember that uncertainty is inherent

7. 7 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Estimation Techniques  past (similar) project experience  conventional estimation techniques  task breakdown and effort estimates  size (e.g., FP) estimates  tools

8. 8 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Functional Decomposition Statement of Scope perform a "grammatical parse" functionaldecomposition

9. 9 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Conventional Methods: LOC/FP Approach  compute LOC/FP using estimates of information domain values  use historical effort for the project

10. 10 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Example: LOC Approach

11. 11 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Example: FP Approach

12. 12 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Creating a Task Matrix Obtained from “process framework” applicationfunctions framework activities Effort required to accomplish each framework activity for each application function

13. 13 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Tool-Based Estimation project characteristics calibration factors LOC/FP data

14. 14 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Empirical Estimation Models General form: effort = tuning coefficient * size exponent usually derived as person-months of effort required either a constant or a number derived based on complexity of project usually LOC but may also be function point empirically derived

15. 15 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001

16. 16 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001

17. 17 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Estimation Guidelines estimate using at least two techniques get estimates from independent sources avoid over-optimism, assume difficulties you've arrived at an estimate, sleep on it adjust for the people who'll be doing the job—they have the highest impact

18. 18 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 The Make-Buy Decision

19. 19 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001 Computing Expected Cost (path probability) x (estimated path cost) (path probability) x (estimated path cost) i i For example, the expected cost to build is: expected cost = 0.30($380K)+0.70($450K) similarly, expected cost = $382K expected cost = $267K expected cost = $410K build reuse buy contr expected cost = = $429 K