1. Project Planning and Estimation

2. Project Planning
Software project management begins with a set of activities called project planning which involves proper estimation of time, schedule, work and resources.

3. Project Planning
When: need for software has already been established; stakeholders are on-board; coding is ready to begin
What: project planning spans five major activities—estimation, scheduling, risk analysis, quality management planning, and change management planning
Who: software project managers, with information from stakeholders and engineers

4. Objectives of planning
Framework that will help in the estimation of cost , time and schedule
Define the best case and worst case scenarios so that project outcomes can be bounded.

5. Task set for project planning
1. Establish project scope
2.Determine feasibility
3.Analyze risks
4,Define required resources
human resource needed , software resources, environmental resources
5. Estimate cost and effort
decompose the problem, use estimation techniques
6.Develop project schedule

6. Software project scope and feasibility
The first step in planning is establishing project scope
Software scope describes the functions and features that are to be delivered.
It is a narrative description of scope is developed after communicating with stakeholders
Function ( cost,schedule) and performance(response time,processing time) is to be measured
Once scope is defined we go to step 2

7. Feasibility Can we build a software to meet this scope
Is project technically feasible
Financial feasibility
Time
Resources

8. RESOURCES Three categories of software engineering resources are
1.people (location , skills and number)
2. reusable software components(off shelf components, full experience component ,partial experience component and new component)
c.Environmental resources ( hardware and software tools needed )
Offshelf: existing s/w that can be acquired from a 3rd party
Full Experience : s/w that is already developed for past projects
Partial experience: s/w that is already developed for past projects but needs some modification to be used for the current project
New component: build from scratch

9. Estimation requires…
experience
access to good historical information

10. Reliability of estimates is affected by…
Project complexity
Project size
Degree of structural uncertainty
Availability of historical information

11. Options for estimation
Delay estimation until late in the project (not feasible)
Base estimation based on previous similar projects
Use simple decomposition techniques to generate cost and effort estimation
Decomposition technique adopt a divide and conquer technique. For each decomposition the cost and effort estimation is done.
Use one or more empirical models for estimation

12. Estimation techniques
Problem-based Estimation
LOC
Function – Point
Process-based Estimation
COCOMO

13. Loc based estimation
Cost per LOC = burdened rate /LOC produced per PM Project Cost = Cost per LOC * LOCE Project Effort = Project Cost/ burdened labor rate

14. Assuming that your organization produces 620 LOC/PM with a burdened labor rate of 8000BD/PM, estimate the cost and the effort required to build the software using LOC-based estimation technique. LOC(e)=30000

15. Function Point Use measure of functionality
Derived directly from 5 information domain characteristics
- User Input = distinct data input by user
- User Output = reports, screens, error messages
- User Inquiries = on-line input results in generation of immediate software response
- Files = Logical grouping of data that may be one part of large database or separate file
- External interfaces = all machine readable interfaces used to transmit information to another system

16. Information Domain Value
Count
Simple
Average
Complex
FP Count
External Inputs 12 3 4 6 36
External Outputs 8 5 7 32
External Inquiries 10 30
Internal Logical Files 15 21
External Interface Files 40
TOTAL
159

17. Factor
Backup and Recovery 5
Data communications 4
Distributed processing
Performance critical
Existing operating environment
Online data entry
Input transaction over multiple screens 3
ILFs updated online
Information Domain Values Complex
Internal Processing Complex
Code designed for Reuse
Conversion/installation in design
Multiple installations
Application designed for change

18. FPE = count total*[ * ∑Fi) Project Effort = FPE / average productivity on FP Project Cost = Project Effort * burdened rate

19. SafeHome User Interaction Function User Password Zone Setting
Test Sensor
Sensors
SafeHome User Interaction Function
User
Password
Zone Setting
Zone Inquiry
Messages
User
Sensor Inquiry
Sensor Status
Panic Button
Activate/Deactivate
Activate/Deactivate
Monitoring & Response Subsystem
Password, Sensors…
Alarm alert
System Configuration Data

20. Security Monitoring System
Test Sensor
Sensors
Security Monitoring System
Password
Zone Setting
User
Zone Inquiry
Messages
User
Sensor Inquiry
Sensor Status
Panic Button
Activate/Deactivate
Activate/Deactivate
Monitoring & Response Subsystem
Alarm alert
Password, Sensors…
Password, Sensors…
User Data
System Configuration Data

21. External Input : orginates from user and represents control information
External Output : its derived from application and provides information to user.it can be reports, screens,error messages
External Inquiries:Its is a online input that result in the generation of some software response.
Internal logical file : File that resides within system boundary
External interface file : it resides external to application

22. One ILF (system configuration file) 2 external outputs
3 External inputs
Password
panic button and
activate/deactivate
2 external inquiries
zone inquiry and
sensor inquiry
One ILF (system configuration file)
2 external outputs
messages and
sensor status
Four EIF’s
test sensor
zone setting
activate/deactivate
alarm alert

23. Information Domain Value
Count
Simple
Average
Complex
FP Count
External Inputs 3 4 6 9
External Outputs 2 5 7 8
External Inquiries
Internal Logical Files 1 10 15
External Interface Files 20
TOTAL 50
Past Projects show a burdened labor rate of P8000/PM
Average productivity is 9FP/pm
Assume average complexity value
Total adjustment value is estimated to be 49

24. FPE = count total*[0.65 + 0.01 * ∑Fi)
Project Effort = FPE / average productivity on FP
Project Cost = Project Effort * burdened rate

25. COCOMO II (Constructive cost model)
uses object points, using counts of the number of - screens - reports - components that is needed to build the application Each object instance is classified into one of the three complexity levels (simple, medium or difficult)

26. Object Type
Complexity Weight
Simple
Medium
Difficult
Screen 1 2 3
Report 5 8
3GL Component 10
Developer’s Experience
Very low
Low
Nominal
High
Very High
Development Environment maturity/ capability
PROD 4 7 13 25 50

27. NOP = (object points) * ((100 - %reuse)/100) PROD =NOP / person-month Estimated Effort = NOP/PROD Estimated Cost = Estimated Effort * Burdened rate

28. Developer’s Experience
Very low
Low
Nominal
High
Very High
Development Environment maturity/ capability
PROD 4 7 13 25 50

29. Use the COCOMO II model to estimate the effort required to build software for a simple ATM that produces 12 screens, 10 reports, and will require approximately 80 software components Past projects show a burdened rate of 9000BD/pm Assume nominal complexity and nominal developer/environment maturity

30. Tasks
You are working for a software company ABC software and SBI Bank has granted a project to computerise its operations. The Manager for SBI Mr Ahmed has been involved in deciding the various aspects of the project. You are appointed by ABC software to manage the project and there are a team of 20 people working with you.The bank employs 20 people and has 100 account holders
Who are the stake holders for the project.
Which are the different team organisations? Which one would you choose and why?

31. You are the project manager for a company that buids software for house hold robots.You are contacted to build a software for a robot that mows the lawn for a homeowner.Write a statement of scope that describes the software.If you are unfamiliar about robots do a little research on robots before starting.State your assumptions about what hardware is needed.

32. UseCOCOMO model to estimate the effort needed to build a software for a simple ATM machine that produce 12 screens , 10 reports and 80 software components.Assume average complexity and average developer /envt maturity.

33. Developer’s Experience
Very low
Low
Nominal
High
Very High
Development Environment maturity/ capability
PROD 4 7 13 25 50

34. Comment on the statement “It seems odd the cost and schedule estimates to be developed during software project planning-before detailed analysis and design is conducted?why