1. Shakespeare and His Times

2. His Birth born around April 23,1564. We know this from the earliest record: his baptism which happened on Wednesday, April the 26th, 1564 Therefore, it is celebrated three days earlier. Born in Stratford upon Avon

3. From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/ Shakespeare’s Birthplace

4. His Parents and Siblings Parents: John and Mary Arden Shakespeare Mary—daughter of wealthy landowner John—glovemaker, local politician Seven siblings William's mother was Mary Arden who married John Shakespeare in 1557.

5. From: http://www.where-can-i-find.com/tourist-maps.html Location of Stratford-upon-Avon

6. As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896). Stratford-on-Avon in Shakespeare’s Time

7. From Stratford’s web site: http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/index.htm Stratford-upon-Avon Today

8. Probably attended King’s New School in Stratford His school day was 10 hours long and rigorous Educated in: -Rhetoric -Logic -History -Latin Shakespeare dropped out of ‘middle school’ when his father lost his fortune Education

9. From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/ King’s New School

10. His Family November 28, 1582 ◦eighteen year old William married the twenty- six and pregnant Anne Hathaway. Barely seven months later, they had his first daughter Susanna. ◦twins Hamnet and Judith were born in February 1592 ◦Hamnet died from the plague at age 11 ◦Anne never left Stratford, living there her entire life

11. From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/ Anne Hathaway’s Cottage

12. His Works He goes to London where he writes his first plays. 38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare  14 comedies  10 histories  10 tragedies  4 romances Possibly wrote three others Collaborated on several others 154 sonnets (mostly written between 1596 and 1603)

13. His Works He is not only a playwright but an actor as well. The theatres close down because of the plague in 1592. He writes book-length poems at this time called Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece When the theaters reopen, he writes more plays and becomes a charter member of Lord Chamberlain’s Men

14. Shakespeare’s Major Plays 1588-93 - The Comedy of Errors 1588-92 - Henry VI (three parts) 1592-93 - Richard III 1592-94 - Titus Andronicus 1593-94 - The Taming of the Shrew 1593-94 - The Two Gentlemen of Verona 1593-94 - "The Rape of Lucrece" 1593-1600 - "Sonnets" 1588-95 - Love's Labor's Lost 1594-96 - Romeo and Juliet 1595 - Richard II 1594-96 - A Midsummer Night's Dream 1590-97 - King John 1592 - "Venus and Adonis" 1596-97 - The Merchant of Venice 1597 - Henry IV (Part I) 1597-98 - Henry IV (Part II) 1598-1600 - Much Ado About Nothing 1598-99 - Henry V 1594-96 - Romeo and Juliet 1599 - Julius Caesar 1599 - Julius Caesar 1599-1600 - As You Like It 1600-02 - Twelfth Night 1600-O1 - Hamlet 1597-1601 - The Merry Wives of Windsor 1600-O1 - "The Phoenix and the Turtle" 1601-02 - Troilus and Cressida 1602-04 - All's Well That Ends Well 1603-04 - Othello 1604 - Measure for Measure 1604-09 - Timon of Athens 1605-06 - King Lear 1605-06 - Macbeth 1606-07 - Antony and Cleopatra 1607-09 - Coriolanus 1608-09 - Pericles 1609-1O - Cymbeline 161O-1I - The Winter's Tale 161I - The Tempest 1612-13 - Henry VIII 1613 - The Two Noble Kinsmen 1600-O1 - Hamlet 1605-06 - King Lear 1605-06 - Macbeth

15. Other events In 1603, Queen Elizabeth dies and King James I becomes the new ruler of England. Lord Chamberlain’s Men are renamed to The King’s Men and Shakespeare writes tragedies. In 1608, he moves back to Stratford.

16. Shakespeare’s Death He dies on April 23, 1616 his burial being recorded in the Stratford Holy Church Register two days later. He was 52. Not exactly sure what he died from ◦History says he drank too much wine and ate too many pickled herrings In his will, Shakespeare left money, horses, stables, etc. to his two sons-in-law But only left his wife one thing- the “second-best bed” ◦Was he trying to make a point?

17. Shakespeare is buried in Holy Trinity Church in his birth village of Stratford. His grave is covered by a flat stone that bears an epitaph warning of a curse to come upon anyone who moves his bones. Shakespeare’s Death

18. Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare did NOT write in “Old English.” Old English is the language of Beowulf: Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunon Hu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon! (Hey! We have heard of the glory of the Spear-Danes in the old days, the kings of tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)

19. Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare did not write in “Middle English.” Middle English is the language of Chaucer, the Gawain-poet, and Malory: We redeth oft and findeth y-write— And this clerkes wele it wite— Layes that ben in harping Ben y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)

20. Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare wrote in “Early Modern English.” EME was not very different from “Modern English,” except that it had some old holdovers.

21. Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare coined many words we still use today: Critical Majestic Dwindle And quite a few phrases as well: One fell swoop Flesh and blood Vanish into thin air See http://www.wordorigins.org/histeng.htm

22. Shakespeare’s Language A mix of old and very new Rural and urban words/images Understandable by the lowest peasant and the highest noble

23. New Words Solidified the English language ◦Dante did the same for Italian ◦Luther and Goethe did the same for German Used nouns as verbs Over 2000 new words ◦critical, aggravate, assassination ◦monumental, castigate, countless ◦Obscene, forefathers, frugal, hurry ◦Majestic, homicide, summit, reliance Coined Phrases

24. "Shakespeare had a huge vocabulary. In the collected editions of his works--the first folio that was published seven years after his death--there are 27,000 different, individual words. In the King James translation of the Bible, which was published twelve years earlier, there are 7,000 words." --Excerpt from Professor Peter Saccio's course "Shakespeare: The Word and The Action"

25. Shakespeare or Not? Eaten me out of house and home. ◦Henry IV. Come what may. ◦ Macbeth. All the world's a stage. ◦As You Like It. All's well that ends well ◦All's Well That Ends Well. As... luck would have it. ◦The Merry Wives of Windsor. As white as driven snow. ◦ The Winter's Tale. To be, or not to be: that is the question. ◦Hamlet. My own flesh and blood. ◦—The Merchant of Venice. It was Greek to me. ◦—Julius Caesar. Kill... with kindness. ◦—The Taming of the Shrew. Sweets to the sweet. ◦—Hamlet Though this be madness, yet there is method in't. ◦—Hamlet. 'Tis neither here nor there. ◦—Othello. Too much of a good thing ◦.—As You Like It. To thine own self be true. ◦—Hamlet.

26. “If you cannot understand my argument, and declare ‘It’s Greek to me,’ you are quoting Shakespeare; if you claim to be more sinned against than sinning, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you recall your salad days, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you act more in sorrow than in anger, if your wish is farther to the thought, if your lost property has vanished into thin air, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you have ever refused to budge an inch or suffered from green- eyed jealousy, if you have played fast and loose, if you have been tongue-tied, a tower of strength, hoodwinked or in a pickle, if you have knitted your brows, made a virtue of necessity, insisted on fair play, slept not one wink, stood on ceremony, danced attendance (on your lord and master), laughed yourself into stitches, had short shrift, cold comfort or too much of a good thing, if you have seen better days or lived in a fool’s paradise – why, be that as it may, the more fool you, for it is a foregone conclusion that you are (as good luck would have it) quoting Shakespeare;…

27. …if you think it is early days and clear out bag and baggage, if you think it is high time and that that is the long and short of it, if you believe that the game is up and that truth will out even if it involves your own flesh and blood, if you lie low till the crack of doom because you suspect foul play, if you have your teeth set on edge (at one fell swoop) without rhyme or reason, then – to give the devil his due – if the truth were known (for surely you have a tongue in your head), you are quoting Shakespeare; even if you bid me good riddance and send me packing, if you wish I was dead as a door-nail, if you think I am an eyesore, a laughing stock, the devil incarnate, a stony- hearted villain, bloody-minded or blinking idiot, then – by Jove! it is all one to me, for you are quoting Shakespeare.” – Bernard Levin in The History of English by McCrum, et al

28. Elizabethan Drama vs. Today’s Drama The importance of words Real life versus stage life Symbolic art

29. Importance of Words Verbal, not visual Words to express the setting and mood Today: VISUAL --

30. Real life vs. Stage life Characters in a play are understood to be portraying real people, not actual people Modern dramas suggest that everything is real, especially the place and the people

31. Symbolic Art Influenced by medieval are because of its sybolism Focus on universals Evil=villian Holiness/goodness = saints and halos Truth, beauty, and justice

32. Three Ways to Analyze Characters Changes to Shakespeare’s Dramas What the say What others say about them What they do Remove lines or characters Change the setting entirely

33. Elizabethan Theatrical Conventions

34. A theatrical convention is a suspension of reality.  No electricity  Women forbidden to act on stage  Minimal, contemporary costumes  Minimal scenery These control the dialogue.

35. Audience loves to be scared.  Soliloquy  Aside Types of speech  Blood and gore  Use of supernatural

36.  Use of disguises/ mistaken identity  Multiple marriages (in comedies)  Multiple murders (in tragedies)  Last speaker—highest in rank (in tragedies)

37. The Globe Theater 1596, a Dutch student by the name of Johannes de Witt attended a play in London at the Swan Theatre. While there, de Witt made a drawing of the theatre's interior.

38. The Globe Theater

39. constructed in 1599. was three-stories high and had no roof. could together hold more than 1,500 people. In 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII, a misfired canon ball set the Globe's thatched roof on fire and the whole theatre was consumed.

40. The Globe Theater 1 Penny: roughly 10 % of a worker’s daily wage 2 Pennies 3 Pennies Because there was no artificial lighting, plays typically occurred in the early afternoon, lasting from 2 pm until roughly 4 or 5 pm.

41. The Globe Theater The first play we know of that was performed at Shakespeare's famous playhouse was Julius Caesar in 1599.

42. Want to build The Globe?

43. Another model!

44. Member and later part-owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later called the King’s Men Globe Theater built in 1599 with Shakespeare as primary investor Burned down in 1613 during one of Shakespeare’s plays Theatre Career

45. The Rebuilt Globe Theater, London

46. The Globe Theater