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Published byLoraine Gray Modified over 9 years ago
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Arrhenius Acids and Bases
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Arrhenius acid = acid that produces H+ in aqueous solutions Arrhenius base= base that produces OH- in aqueous solutions
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Ionic hydroxides = bases that dissociate in solution, releasing OH- ions Other bases react with water and remove an H+ and leave OH-
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Aqueous Solutions of Acids Aqueous acid = a water solution of an Arrhenius acid Water molecules attract H+ ions of acid molecules H+ ion in aqueous solution: H 3 0+ (hydronium)
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Strength of Acids Strong acid = an acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution -strong electrolytes examples: HClO 4, HCl, HNO 3
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Weak acid = an acid that releases only a few H+ ions in an aqueous solution example: HCN
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Acid Strength (cont’d) depends on: –the polarity of the bond between H+ – the other element and the bond energy of that bond Strength increases with polarity Strength increases as bond energy decreases
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Aqueous Solutions of Bases Made up of mostly metal cations and OH- Dissociate when dissolved in water A base that completely dissociates in water to yield OH- is strongly basic
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Strength of Bases Depends on how much the base dissociates Strong bases are strong electrolytes Weak base= a base with low concentration of OH-
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