1. Arrhenius Acids and Bases

2. Arrhenius acid = acid that produces H+ in aqueous solutions Arrhenius base= base that produces OH- in aqueous solutions

3. Ionic hydroxides = bases that dissociate in solution, releasing OH- ions Other bases react with water and remove an H+ and leave OH-

4. Aqueous Solutions of Acids Aqueous acid = a water solution of an Arrhenius acid Water molecules attract H+ ions of acid molecules H+ ion in aqueous solution: H 3 0+ (hydronium)

5. Strength of Acids Strong acid = an acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution -strong electrolytes examples: HClO 4, HCl, HNO 3

6. Weak acid = an acid that releases only a few H+ ions in an aqueous solution example: HCN

7. Acid Strength (cont’d) depends on: –the polarity of the bond between H+ – the other element and the bond energy of that bond Strength increases with polarity Strength increases as bond energy decreases

8. Aqueous Solutions of Bases Made up of mostly metal cations and OH- Dissociate when dissolved in water A base that completely dissociates in water to yield OH- is strongly basic

9. Strength of Bases Depends on how much the base dissociates Strong bases are strong electrolytes Weak base= a base with low concentration of OH-