1. Fig. 12-1: Network topologies

2. Fig. 12-2: Bus-coupler losses

3. Fig. 12-3: Linear bus topology

4. Fig. 12-4: Liner bus versus star coupler

5. Fig. 12-5: Basic STS-1 SONET frame

6. Fig. 12-6: Basic STS-N SONET frame

7. Fig. 12-7a: 2-fiber UPSR

8. Fig. 12-7b: 2-fiber UPSR

9. Fig. 12-8(varied): BLSR architecture

10. Fig. 12-9: BLSR reconfiguration

11. Fig. 12-10: Four-fiber BLSR Reconfiguration

12. Fig. 12-11: Generic SONET network

13. Fig. 12-12: SONET ADM

14. Fig. 12-13: Dense WDM deployment

15. Fig. 12-14: Two types of WDM LANs

16. Fig. 12-15: Single-hop network

17. Fig. 12-16: Multihop architecture

18. Fig. 12-17: Data packet

19. Fig. 12-18: ShuffleNet

20. Fig. 12-19: Wavelength reuse

21. Fig. 12-20: Optical cross-connect architecture

22. Fig. 12-21: Optical cross-connect

23. Fig. 12-22: Wavelength utilization

24. Fig. 12-23: Wavelength utilization

25. Fig. 12-24: Increase in utilization

26. Fig. 12-25: Effective length

27. Fig. 12-26: SRS effects

28. Fig. 12-27: Raman gain effects

29. Fig. 12-28: Allowed power per wavelength

30. Fig. 12-29: SBS effects

31. Fig. 12-30: SBS effect on CNR

32. Fig. 12-31: Spectral broadening due to SPM

33. Fig. 12-32: 3rd-order sidebands

34. Fig. 12-33: FWM efficiency

35. Fig. 12-34: Dispersion & power maps

36. Fig. 12-35: SNR degradation

37. Fig. 12-36: Interchannel crosstalk

38. Fig. 12-37: Intrachannel crosstalk

39. Fig. 12-38: Crosstalk penalties

40. Fig. 12-39: Kerr effect

41. Fig. 12-40: First-order soliton

42. Fig. 12-41: Hyperbolic secant

43. Fig. 12-42: Dispersion & nonlinear phase shifts

44. Fig. 12-43: Soliton pulse width