1. EBA-related HE and R&D in Estonia Jaan Kõrgesaar Rīga, August 30, 2006

2. Mirror, mirror on the wall… In 1988, 1st (private) EBA-school was set up, close to the 1st “nouveaux privé” HEI 17 539 students on all levels, ~25,7% from student body; 85,6% of them fee- paying: changes ahead (?) 162 or ~13,9% from all acting study programs

3. ... who’s the fairest of them all? EBA-programmes in 21 HEI-s (54%), rest have “administration” etc programmes with some EBA-studies embedded Prof Väino Rajangu’s guess: formal diversity in programme titles contrasting missing “real” diversity in content to be found elsewhere 1988-1995 initial modernization of subject content, from ‘2002 “Bologna’s” shift to the initial broad social science base

4. HE rated by … Programme accreditation (full or conditional; negative means closure) EBA: graduate school (UT, TTU, BoE) EBA: PhD studies fully accr.in UT, TTU – cond. Warmhouse for PhD studies, but graduate’s outlook in academic environment to be improved

5. HE Policy & Strategy Social sciences, EBA incl. not in “most favoured” status by governmental HE financing scheme EBA-tribalism? Same quality standards applied but … Contrasting “consumer behaviour” and public mood

6. R&D Structure in Estonia 6

7. R&D financing system in Estonia Universities Research Institutes Research Labs of Private Business Sector Estonian Technology Agency Estonian Science Foundation Research Grant Financing Research & product development projects Technology programs in priority areas Institutional Target Financing Basic financing Financing of Infra- structures Other Ministries Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications National R&D Programmes Research Competency Council State Bodies Public Institutions Private Organizations Ministry of Education and Research 7

8. R&D expenditure and funding sources in Estonia (2004) and elsewhere (2002) 8 EstoniaFinlandSwedenEU-25 R&D expenditures GERD (% GDP)0.913.514.271.93 BERD (%GERD)3968.676.765.0 R&D financing (%) (2003) State48.6262134 Private sector33717256 Foreign sources15.2347

9. Sources of financing R&D, 200 2 Source: Eurostat, New Cronos, OECD, MSTI database 9

10. R&D spending per researcher, 2002 Full-time researchers R&D annual spending per researcher in thousands EEK Annual state allocation per researcher in thousands EEK From state (%) From abroad (%) Science 8592571847220 Technology 5681921166021 Medicine 1763692907916 Agriculture 170336299896 Social sciences 3911761136419 Humanities 430194168876 Public sector 25952321707316 with support personnel added 63429570 Private sector 46457657,610 Allikas: Eesti Statistikaamet

12. Humanities Social sciences Medicine Technology Agriculture Science Relative funding of research areas, Estonia vs EU (2002)

13. EBA as not the most competitive field of research R&D funding Publications Citation Brain drain in 1990s

14. So, how much, then?

15. Individual research grants

16. Targeted financing or InstResGrant

17. Getting better since 2000 Grants, EU programs, 6th FW incl. Evaluation exercise ‘2000: transition-shock survival rated for 5 Ss (2 institutions, 3 faculties with TarFEBA ****; EIE and 2 fac-s *** and EBS **; MoreFundRes!). 2008? Consultancy and applied research – success or substitution PhD-employees, Harvard incl. emerge locally and gradually (Bank of Estonia)

18. Strategy of R&D&I, 2007-2013, approved on June 1, 2006 R&D from GDP 2008: 1,5% 2010:1,9% 2014:3,0% 47% from EU structural funds Development and motivation of human capital Efficient administration of public-sector R&D&I Increased innovation capacity of enterprises Policies targeted to long-term development

19. Challenges ahead Administratively in the area of R&D&I: Enough capable persons Competitive infrastructure Targeting needs and capacities of Estonia Steadily increasing financing

20. Both quality and quantity of R&D R&D employees: 8 researchers and engineers per 1000 employees 80% of R&D infrastructure modernized or built up anew 1200 research publications annually 5 times more patents

21. Applied research Following specific quality criteria Specific role of the client (applier/subscriber) Rules to provide state support