1. NOAA’s National Weather Service Accessing the GRIB2 encoded National Digital Forecast Database Arthur Taylor NOAA/NWS/Meteorological Development Laboratory NOAA WebShop 2004 July 28, 2004

2. NDFD / Degrib NDFD: What is it? The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD), is a mosaic of the National Weather Service’s (NWS) digital forecastsThe National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD), is a mosaic of the National Weather Service’s (NWS) digital forecasts It is available free to all.It is available free to all. It is updated hourly with the best forecast available to the NWS.It is updated hourly with the best forecast available to the NWS. It contains the following variables at various temporal steps out to 7 days:It contains the following variables at various temporal steps out to 7 days: –Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, Probability of Precipitation, Temperature, Wind Direction, Wind Speed, Dew Point Temperature, Sky Coverage, Quantity of Precipitation, Snow Amount, Wave Height, and Weather (which includes visibility). Advantage? The NDFD provides a single place to go in order to get the best forecast available from the NWS each hour.The NDFD provides a single place to go in order to get the best forecast available from the NWS each hour.

3. NDFD / Degrib NDFD: How do I get it? The NDFD is available in the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) GRIB (version 2) format at:The NDFD is available in the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) GRIB (version 2) format at: –http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/SL.us008001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/SL.us008001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/ –ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/ ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/ It is broken up into various geographic areas which include:It is broken up into various geographic areas which include: –The Continental U.S. (CONUS), –Various predefined sectors which are: Pacific North West, Pacific South West, Northern Rockies, Central Rockies, Southern Rockies, Northern Plains, Central Plains, Southern Plains, Upper Mississippi Valley, Central Mississippi Valley, Southern Mississippi Valley, Central Great Lakes, Eastern Great Lakes, North East, South East, and Mid Atlantic sectors. –Puerto Rico. Inside a sector it is broken up into the various weather elements.Inside a sector it is broken up into the various weather elements.

4. NDFD / Degrib NDFD: Which Sector?

5. NDFD / Degrib NDFD: Custom Sector? The predefined sectors are created hourly, and are already waiting to be downloaded.The predefined sectors are created hourly, and are already waiting to be downloaded. Advantage: Speed. Data is already available and ready to transmit when the request for the data arrives on the server.Data is already available and ready to transmit when the request for the data arrives on the server. Disadvantage: Flexibility. If a user is interested in a specific area, he/she will either need to download multiple sectors, or download excess information.If a user is interested in a specific area, he/she will either need to download multiple sectors, or download excess information. Alternate solution? Provide a web service which allows the user to specify the area they are interested in. The service encodes just that portion of the NDFD in GRIB2 and sends it back.Provide a web service which allows the user to specify the area they are interested in. The service encodes just that portion of the NDFD in GRIB2 and sends it back.

6. NDFD / Degrib NDFD: Custom Sector. The experimental custom sector web service is available at:The experimental custom sector web service is available at: –http://ndfd.weather.gov/cgi-bin/ndfd/gribcut http://ndfd.weather.gov/cgi-bin/ndfd/gribcut The following call gets the maximum temperature in a subgrid which is defined with its lower left corner at lat=30, lon=-100, and its upper right corner at lat=40, lon=-90:The following call gets the maximum temperature in a subgrid which is defined with its lower left corner at lat=30, lon=-100, and its upper right corner at lat=40, lon=-90: –gribcut?var=maxt&lat1=30&lon1=-100&lat2=40&lon2=-90 gribcut?var=maxt&lat1=30&lon1=-100&lat2=40&lon2=-90 For more information see:For more information see: –http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ndfd/grib.htm http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ndfd/grib.htm Advantage: Flexible. The user can choose any latitude longitude box. Note the box is not allowed to be larger than 15 degrees on a side.The user can choose any latitude longitude box. Note the box is not allowed to be larger than 15 degrees on a side. Disadvantage: Speed. The data is encoded upon request, which means some work on the server side.The data is encoded upon request, which means some work on the server side. In a high demand period this method may slow down.In a high demand period this method may slow down. If this becomes an issue, various methods can be used to speed it up.If this becomes an issue, various methods can be used to speed it up.

7. NDFD / Degrib NDFD: How do I use it? Since NDFD uses the WMO’s GRIB2 format, how do I read a GRIB2 file? The NWS has provided NDFD users a program (“degrib”) to easily download and locally decode GRIB2 files see: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/NDFD_GRIB2Decoder/http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/NDFD_GRIB2Decoder/http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/NDFD_GRIB2Decoder/ “degrib” can be installed on most local operating systems (Windows, Linux, UNIX).“degrib” can be installed on most local operating systems (Windows, Linux, UNIX). It provides a graphical user interface for specifying products to download and decode, along with some image generation capability.It provides a graphical user interface for specifying products to download and decode, along with some image generation capability. The software is based on the GRIB2 library available at: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/iwt/grib2/decoder.htmhttp://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/iwt/grib2/decoder.htmhttp://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/iwt/grib2/decoder.htm http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/iwt/grib2/encoder.htmhttp://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/iwt/grib2/encoder.htmhttp://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/iwt/grib2/encoder.htm

8. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: What can it do? Download NDFD DataDownload NDFD Data Inventory GRIB and GRIB2 filesInventory GRIB and GRIB2 files Convert GRIB and GRIB2 data to other formatsConvert GRIB and GRIB2 data to other formats –ESRI.shp (point, small polygon, large polygon) files –.flt files (used by GrADS and ESRI Spatial Analyst) –netCDF files –.csv files Probe GRIB and GRIB2 data at a given point.Probe GRIB and GRIB2 data at a given point. Interpret the meta-data provided in the GRIB and GRIB2 files.Interpret the meta-data provided in the GRIB and GRIB2 files. Note: Both a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and command line interface are provided. See “c:/ndfd/degrib15/docs/degrib.txt” for information on the command line interface.

9. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Installation Degrib can be downloaded from:Degrib can be downloaded from: –http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/NDFD_GRIB2Decoder/register.htm http://www.nws.noaa.gov/mdl/NDFD_GRIB2Decoder/register.htm On the download page, MS-Windows users should get “ndfd- demo.exe”, which contains:On the download page, MS-Windows users should get “ndfd- demo.exe”, which contains: An installation wizardAn installation wizard Compiled codeCompiled code Source code for the libraries, and the “degrib” and “tkdegrib” programs (superImageGen and htmlmaker source code are not provided)Source code for the libraries, and the “degrib” and “tkdegrib” programs (superImageGen and htmlmaker source code are not provided) DocumentationDocumentation Unix users should get “degrib-unix.tar.gz”, which contains:Unix users should get “degrib-unix.tar.gz”, which contains: Source code for the libraries and the “degrib” and “tkdegrib” programsSource code for the libraries and the “degrib” and “tkdegrib” programs Documentation.Documentation. To compile the code you need:To compile the code you need: FORTRAN (g77 should work) : for the decoder libraryFORTRAN (g77 should work) : for the decoder library C (gcc should work) : for the “drivers” and projection libraryC (gcc should work) : for the “drivers” and projection library Optional : Tcl/Tk (free from http://scriptics.com) : for the Graphical User InterfaceOptional : Tcl/Tk (free from http://scriptics.com) : for the Graphical User Interfacehttp://scriptics.com

10. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Data download Step 1: Download some data. The GUI version of degrib, “tkdegrib”, provides an interface to get NDFD either via ftp or http.The GUI version of degrib, “tkdegrib”, provides an interface to get NDFD either via ftp or http. –Highlight the desired sector –Click on either “Download by ftp” or “Download by http” Alternatively, you can get the data directly from:Alternatively, you can get the data directly from: –http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/SL.u s008001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndf d/ http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/SL.u s008001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndf d/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/SL.u s008001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndf d/ –ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us00 8001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/ ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us00 8001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/ftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us00 8001/ST.expr/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/

11. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Data download Step 1 continued: The GUI version of degrib now provides a “custom” sector, which you control by:The GUI version of degrib now provides a “custom” sector, which you control by: –Use the “file->configure” menu. –Choose the “Custom” tab. –Enter in the desired area, press ok. In addition there is a command line method to download various sectors and variables, using:In addition there is a command line method to download various sectors and variables, using: –cd C:\ndfd\degrib15\bin\ –tcldegrib web.tcl

12. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Convert to.shp file To convert to.shp format: –Double click on the GRIB2 file (top pane) –Select message to convert (middle pane) –Choose an “output file name” –Click on “Generate.shp file” “Small Polygon” creates better images in ESRI and is easier to manipulate, but it is larger than the “Point.shp”“Small Polygon” creates better images in ESRI and is easier to manipulate, but it is larger than the “Point.shp” “Large Polygon” merges polygons together to create smaller files, but makes grid to grid comparison more difficult.“Large Polygon” merges polygons together to create smaller files, but makes grid to grid comparison more difficult. “Include Missing Values” allows you to study the entire grid, or limit the result to where data exists“Include Missing Values” allows you to study the entire grid, or limit the result to where data exists

13. NDFD / Degrib CONUS MaxT in ArcView After converting the grid, start up ESRI ArcView, then load the layer (.shp file) that you just created. Use the color legend found in: C:/ndfd/degrib15/arcview/poly_legend (for polygon shapefiles) C:/ndfd/degrib15/arcview/point_legend (for point shapefiles)

14. NDFD / Degrib Polygon vs Point, DC area

15. NDFD / Degrib NDFD CONUS Map Projection For CONUS (continental U.S.), NDFD uses a Lambert Conformal Conic Map Projection: Tangent latitutude 25, orientation longitude -95, mesh latitude 25, mesh size 5079.406 m.Tangent latitutude 25, orientation longitude -95, mesh latitude 25, mesh size 5079.406 m. In ESRI ArcMap that would be:In ESRI ArcMap that would be: –1st Parallel = 2 nd Parallel = 25 degrees north (tangent latitude) –Lon of center of projection = -95 degrees (orientation longitude) –Lat of center of projection = 25 degrees (tangent latitude) –False easting = 0 m, False northing = 0 m, X Shift = 0, Y Shift = 0 In addition, NDFD uses a spherical earth with radius 6371.2 km To assist ESRI ArcView 3.x, degrib creates a.ave (ArcView Avenue script) to set the projection and radius correctly. For ArcGIS, please see /degrib/arcview/prj.adf, and ndfd.prj

16. NDFD / Degrib Un-projected vs Projected

17. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Convert to.flt file To convert to.flt file (for use with GrADS or ESRI Spatial Analyst): –Double click on the GRIB2 file (top pane) –Select message to convert (middle pane) –Choose an “output file name” –Click on “Generate.flt file” “Grid” allows you to select what kind of interpolation to do (or keep the original projection).“Grid” allows you to select what kind of interpolation to do (or keep the original projection). “GrADS.ctl file”: creates a control file which GrADS can use to access the.flt file“GrADS.ctl file”: creates a control file which GrADS can use to access the.flt file “M.S.B. first”: creates the.flt files in “Big Endian” format.“M.S.B. first”: creates the.flt files in “Big Endian” format.

18. NDFD / Degrib CONUS MaxT in GrADS

19. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Convert to netCDF file To convert to netCDF file: –Double click on the GRIB2 file (top pane) –Select message to convert (middle pane) –Choose an “output file name” –Click on “Generate NetCDF (.nc) file” This creates a netCDF file according to the “CF” metadata conventions.This creates a netCDF file according to the “CF” metadata conventions. This converts 1 GRIB message to 1 netCDF file.This converts 1 GRIB message to 1 netCDF file. An improvement would be for multiple GRIB messages to go to 1 netCDF file.An improvement would be for multiple GRIB messages to go to 1 netCDF file.

20. NDFD / Degrib CONUS MinT in NetCDF

21. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Convert to.csv file To convert to CSV file: –Double click on the GRIB2 file (top pane) –Select message to convert (middle pane) –Choose an “output file name” –Click on “Generate.csv files” This creates a comma separated text file which can be worked with in excel.This creates a comma separated text file which can be worked with in excel. Note: Excel has problems loading the CONUS NDFD, as it appears to be limited to 65,536 records, while the NDFD typically has 739,297 recordsNote: Excel has problems loading the CONUS NDFD, as it appears to be limited to 65,536 records, while the NDFD typically has 739,297 records

22. NDFD / Degrib CONUS MinT in.csv in Excel X

23. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Probe point Degrib also provides the ability to probe a GRIB file at a set of latitude longitude locations. It computes the value at that spot, and returns a text message. Note: this is not available in the GUI. To do so from the command line: –C:\ndfd\degrib\bin\degrib maxt.bin –P –pnt 38.99,-77.03 –C:\ndfd\degrib\bin\degrib maxt.bin –P –pntFile point.txt The first example probes just 1 point, while the second reads a file which is of the form: StationID, lat, lon per line. The second form allows for numerous stations.The first example probes just 1 point, while the second reads a file which is of the form: StationID, lat, lon per line. The second form allows for numerous stations. By default, probe chooses the “nearest” grid cell, but using the “-Interp” option, causes it to perform bi-linear interpolation.By default, probe chooses the “nearest” grid cell, but using the “-Interp” option, causes it to perform bi-linear interpolation. See (/degrib/docs/degrib.txt for more help)

24. NDFD / Degrib Probe point (MaxT, MinT, PoP) element, unit, refTime, validTime, (38.993600,- 77.022400) MaxT, [F], 200307212300, 200307230000, 86.882 MaxT, [F], 200307212300, 200307240000, 82.375 MaxT, [F], 200307212300, 200307250000, 85.233 MaxT, [F], 200307212300, 200307260000, 87.753 MaxT, [F], 200307212300, 200307270000, 89.395 MaxT, [F], 200307212300, 200307280000, 87.775 MaxT, [F], 200307212300, 200307290000, 86.800 element, unit, refTime, validTime, (38.993600,- 77.022400) MinT, [F], 200307212300, 200307221200, 72.625 MinT, [F], 200307212300, 200307231200, 73.165 MinT, [F], 200307212300, 200307241200, 69.025 MinT, [F], 200307212300, 200307251200, 65.965 MinT, [F], 200307212300, 200307261200, 67.945 MinT, [F], 200307212300, 200307271200, 69.745 MinT, [F], 200307212300, 200307281200, 69.025 element, unit, refTime, validTime, (38.993600,- 77.022400) PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307220000, 39.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307221200, 39.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307230000, 50.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307231200, 50.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307240000, 50.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307241200, 50.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307250000, 20.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307251200, 20.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307260000, 14.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307261200, 5.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307270000, 5.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307271200, 11.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307280000, 11.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307281200, 21.000 PoP12, [%], 200307212300, 200307290000, 21.000

25. NDFD / Degrib NDFD, GRIB2 & Weather To encode Weather (Wx), NDFD disseminates “weather strings”. Advantage: A flexible format that can encode a description of weather such as “Chance of thunderstorms and chance of heavy rain showers”Advantage: A flexible format that can encode a description of weather such as “Chance of thunderstorms and chance of heavy rain showers” Difficulty: A “weather string” is not a number, so it is challenging to store in GRIB2. Solution: Use GRIB2 section 2 to provide an ASCII look up table, and store the numeric values in the regular GRIB2Solution: Use GRIB2 section 2 to provide an ASCII look up table, and store the numeric values in the regular GRIB2 –Note: each weather grid, for each forecast projection, has a different ASCII look up table, so without section 2 it has no meaning. Some Questions:Some Questions: –What does “Chc:T: : :^Chc:RW:+: :” mean, and how, for example, is an Emergency Manager supposed to know that? –What can be done for the.flt file?

26. NDFD / Degrib Degrib: Future? Maintain the program by keeping up with NDFD as more variables / sectors are introduced. –In order to inform users of updates, degrib has an “announcement mailing list”, which at the last release had 434 people on it. Improvements: Based on user feedback, current thoughts are: –Create some form of graphical probe point capability –Add some way for UNIX users (without GrADS) to plot the images –Add some way for users to zoom in on a map –Improve the NetCDF and GrADS file outputs to contain multiple GRIB messages.