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6 Kingdom Classification System Archaebacteria / Eubacteria
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How we got to the 6 kingdom classification system we have today? 2 Kingdoms Plants and Animals 3 Kingdoms Added Protista (microorganisms) 4 Kingdoms Added Fungi (molds and mushrooms) 5 Kingdoms Added Monera (NO true nucleus) 6 Kingdoms Monera are divided into: Archaebacteria / Eubacteria 2
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The 5 Kingdoms
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Archaebacteria – thrive in harsh conditions - Cell wall and ribosomes Example: methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles Eubacteria – rigid surface (unusual cell wall) Example: bacteria, cyanobacteria Monera - DIVIDED
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2.3 Viruses 2.3 Viruses 5/26/20165 SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson S.S. 5
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Questions 1.Where do viruses fit into the model of the 6 Kingdom classification system? 2.Are viruses considered living organisms? 6 6
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What are the characteristics of living organisms? Living things… are made of cells grow and develop reproduce respond to their environment adapt to their environment obtain and use energy produce wastes 7 7
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8 Magnified image of a virus Image of an animal cell More realistic size of a virus compared to an animal cell cells can fulfill all characteristics of life viruses on their own can be considered lifeless chemicals, unless ……? 8
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Answer viruses are not considered to be living organisms because: 1. not made up of cells 2. only capable of 1 life function i.e. reproduction & only within a living cell outside cells, viruses are lifeless chemicals 9 … unless they are reproducing 9
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10 capsid: protein coat for protection core: either DNA or RNA (genetic material) Receptor sites: spikes that help virus attach to its specific host cell 10
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11 Numerous shapes Examples: Rods or filaments: Ebola Tobacco Mosaic Virus 11
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Spherical: 12 HIV SARS Influenza Smallpox 12
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13 Adenovirus (colds) Bacteriophage T 4 Page 104 20-sided polygon (icosahedron) Geometric Shapes: 13
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Viruses are generally classified by: 1. the organisms they infect host range (cells that the virus can infect) examples: a) cold virus b) rabies c) HIV d) bacteriophage 2. structure a. size and shape of the capsid b. type genetic material 5/26/201614 (human respiratory cells) (nerve cells in dogs, rodents, humans) (human WBC) (bacteria) (DNA or RNA) 14
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so small measured in units called nanometres (nm) 1nm = 1X10 -9 m (billionth of a metre) size ranges from 20 - 400 nm 5/26/201615
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5 Kingdom Classification System Organisms Eukaryotes larger more complex cells have a nucleus have numerous organelles Prokaryotes very tiny simple cells no true nucleus no organelles 1.Monera Cell Wall No Cell Wall Autotrophs make their own food by photo- synthesis 2. Plants 3. Fungi Multicellular Unicellular 5. Animals4.Protists bacteria Heterotrophs can’t make their own food must eat other organisms moss ferns yeast mould mushrooms amoeba *algae insects fish
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The 5 Kingdoms
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Some examples of each of the 6 Kingdoms 18 1.Eubacteria 3. Plants 4. Fungi 6. Animals 5.Protists bacteria moss ferns yeast mould mushrooms amoeba *algae insects fish 2.Archaebacteria methanogens
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5/26/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson S.S.19
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