1. Investigations in Smog from North Dakota to Southern Ontario By: Do Yong Park, Peter Sykora, Peter Eldergill

2. Abstract This investigation is interested in finding a difference of smog in two different locations, ND and Toronto, which characterizes rural and urban area. Data collection includes aerosol composition, temp, RH, precipitation, pH in the above two regions and will be compared to help students to understand the climate of rural and urban areas.

3. Question/Hypothesis Compare any differences in pH level of rainfall, aerosol composition of the air, relative humidity and temperature extremes between Ellendale and Toronto. This research is designed to help urban students understand more about rural agricultural climate and to help rural students understand more about urban climates.

4. Hypothesis Temperature will be lower in Toronto Humidity will be lower in Dakota Aerosols will be higher in Toronto due to proximity to the airport pH will be higher in Toronto Toronto is the centre of the Universe

5. Introduction Toronto has a smog problem and North Dakota appears to be smog free. As a result of this research project, students in Toronto and North Dakota will be comparing their data and geographical locations to determine if the smog is a possible source of acid rain.

6. Materials pH paper sun photometer Humidistat rain gauge digital thermometer weather station box ****digital camera****

7. Methods pH of rainfall will be taken after every rainfall/snowfall for 1 month Temperature (max/min/current), humidity and aerosol composition will be measured daily for month at solar noon

8. Camera Usage!!!!!! Students will take photos of local conditions around the area where the live, noting possible sources of aerosols (power plants, airports, highways, etc..) The photos will be shared with students from the other city involved in the project to compare urban/rural life

9. Data Transformation Students will provide a map to locate both cities Students will graph: –Temperature –Humidity –Aerosol composition Students will look for correlation with pH levels

10. 43.2245 N, 74.1755 W, 282 m

11. Average Red Channel Transmission - Average percentage of red light transmitted through the atmosphere as measured at GLOBE sites on this date. Avg. Aerosol Measurement in North Dakota Of July 23, 2006

12. Standards Students will select and use appropriate technologies, tools, and techniques to solve a problem Students will explain the short term and long term effects of chemical processes on the environment and society Students will share the results of their research with fellow students