1. Unit 7B: The Great Depression & World War II 1929-1945
Part 1: Causes and effects of the Great Depression
Part 2: The New Deal response
Part 3: Causes, course and effects of WWII
Unit Q: How did the major crises between 1929 and 1945 affect the American national identity?

2. I. Long-term causes of Great Depression
Overproduction & underconsumption of consumer goods
Uneven distribution of wealth
Bull market
Buying stocks on margin
Overspeculation

3. II. Short-term cause of Great Depression
Black Tuesday: great stock market crash (1929)
Everyone wanted to sell stocks

4. III. Effects of Great Depression
Bank & business failures
Unemployment
Wages decreased
Dust Bowl > Farmers lost farms
Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath (1939)
Loss of self-worth
“Hoovervilles”
Worst depression in US history

5. IV. Franklin & Eleanor Roosevelt
From wealthy class
Governor of NY
Great speaker
Eleanor most active first lady in US history
“conscience” of New Deal

6. V. 1st New Deal ( )

7. V. 1st New Deal (1933-1935) 1st Hundred Days (presented goals)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (1933)
Civilian Conservation Corps (1933)
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933)
Tennessee Valley Authority (1933)
Effects of 1st New Deal
economy improved
unemployment dropped

8. VI. Critics of the 1st New Deal
Senator Huey “Kingfish” Long
Share Our Wealth program
Argued FDR administration didn’t do enough
Supreme Court
Ruled much of New Deal unconstitutional
Argued FDR administration went too far

9. VII. 2nd New Deal (1935-1938) In response to critics Wagner Act (1935)
Social Security Act (1935)
Court-packing bill (1937)

10. VIII. Legacy of the New Deal
Criticism
New Deal did not cure depression, WWII did
Support
No revolution (like in Europe)
Reforms are still important today

11. IX. Origins of WWII Treaty of Versailles punished Germany
League of Nations ineffective
Great Depression caused totalitarianism
American isolationism > Neutrality Acts ( )
Limited presidential power
Cash-carry policy > solved unemployment crisis

12. X. Moving Away from Neutrality
Lend-Lease Act (April 1941)
Supply allies
Ended neutrality > German u-boat attacks
Japanese imperialism in Asia > tension with US
Negotiations failed
Attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec )
FDR requests Declaration of War

13. XI. War Mobilization at Home
War Production Board: regulate war goods
“Rosie the Riveter”
5 million women > family incomes increased
Office of Price Administration
Rationing of anything used in war effort
Volunteerism
Manhattan Project (1942)
Researched & built bomb at Los Alamos, NM
Led by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer

14. XII. Discrimination A. Philip Randolph & African American laborers
March on Washington Movement (1941)
FDR’s Fair Employment Practices Committee
Japanese-American internment
Military “necessity”
Italians and Germans left alone

15. XIII. Allied Turning Points
Japan pushed back in Pacific
Battle of Midway (June 1942): turning point in Pacific
Island-hopping began
Invasion of Europe
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Led by General Dwight Eisenhower
Fall of Berlin = V-E Day (May 7, 1945)
The atomic bomb at Hiroshima & Nagasaki
V-J Day (August 14, 1945)

16. XIV. Aftermath Casualties Little damage on American homeland
Approximately 50 million dead (405, 000 Americans)
Little damage on American homeland
Post-war issues
Cold War rivalry began immediately
Began atomic age