1. Digitalization of Cargo Handling at Schiphol Airport, The Netherlands Giovanni Douven Lecturer and Research Fellow Business Research Centre Airport & Aviation Inholland University of Applied Sciences Air Cargo Handling Conference Thursday 3 rd September Bangkok

2. Outline presentations Who are we: Digitalization at Schiphol Airport Research project (eLink) – What is eLink – Research approach – Findings Main conclusions

3. One of the biggest university of applied sciences in the Netherlands > 29.000 students, nine locations Two sections of education geared towards aviation – Aeronautical engineering & – Airport & aviation (within logistics & economics education) A business research center with 29 research groups all headed by research professor Airport & aviation research section is mainly focused towards cargo logistics

4. Digitalization projects @ SPL under one umbrella Towards an Integrated Approach of All Compliance Checks in a Speedy and Reliable Process

5. Many projects of digitalization SmartGate ICT Solutions Centralized Risk Analysis SmartGate Combines All Compliance Checks and Inspections in a Flexible Way… Mobile Teams / Scan ULD Scan Remote Scan Nuclear Detection Customs Control Centre Joint Inspection Centre Focus of our research project called “eLink”

6. What is eLink

7. eLink research background  Project name “eLink”  Timeframe: 2,5 years from January 1 st 2013 through July 1 st, 2015  Three Phases of research  Phase 1:Definition phase and collecting parties  Phase 2:Research into the obstacles of the use of eLink (Inholland University)  Phase 3: Implement (Inholland)  European funding, costs involved €365.000  Phase 2: 30 Students; Phase 3: 5 Interns under leadership by one research fellow and research professor

8. Research eLink Central question: ' What is the impact of the introduction of eLink at the various handlers and what consequences does this have on their logistics processes’

9. Ground Handler (1 st line) Forwarder (2 nd line) Export Field of research only export, only handler area, many parties Industry association Cargo Community Platform Freight forwarders: Rhenus Logistics DB Schenker Hartrodt

10. Research methodology Desk research – Literature – Flowcharts – Computer simulation techniques Field research – Observation of processes – Interviews with management and executive staff – Participation in knowledge platforms – Students take part in the daily execution at a freight forwarder and the six handlers – Weekly progress meeting with ACN and Cargonaut

11. Research model Ist Current situation Soll Desired situation Change

12. From entrance point to loading dock Current situation Analysis of current situation: All truckers towards desk Documentation check mandatory Queues at desk Queues at unloading dock No differentiation at entrance point 1 2 3

13. Computer simulation current situation

14. From entrance point to loading dock Current vs. desired situation Current situation: All truckers towards desk Documentation check mandatory Queues at desk Queues at unloading dock No differentiation at entrance point Desired situation: Documentation check fully digitalized Preferable removal of documentation desk No queues Only service desk 1 2 3

15. Desired situation (1) Optimal inflow of cargo at handler : ACN-smart card with detailed cargo data, fully paperless Card reader at the entrance point of handlers area Various electronic controls of cargo at entrance gate Immediate data push ACN-smart card data to WMS ground handler Systematic view & control on arrival cargo, truck & driver 1

16. The ACN Smart Card: For Speed & Security (1a) Gives access to 10 ground handling companies (mostly 1st line, but increasingly 2nd line) Used by > 300 trucking companies / couriers Digital ID for > 4,000 drivers All with criminal background checks Check on truckers’ Regulated Agent (RA) status smartcard

17. Compliance Check at Schiphol via eCargo Receipt & eLink (1b) Warehouse management system Ground Handler (1 st line) smartcard

18. Desired situation (2) Driver arrives with cargo at the entrance. After scanning ACN-pass via light screen reported: – “Proceed to dock xx” – “Proceed to service desk” Optimal output by: – Disconnecting information from the physical shipment – Adequate presence of personnel during delivery time – Sufficient capacity of docks Maintain back-up systems Long term: Fully paperless freight

19. Computer simulation delivery process The connection between the different links in the delivery process of cargo: Elements: Arrival and departure Visitors/ACN-pass holders Documentation desk with employees Docks for unloading freight Trucks driving times Key Performance Indicators: Average lead time Waiting time dock Occupation rate Office desk Occupation rate dock 1 3 export 2 Entrance barrier Documentation desk Unloading dock export Exit

20. Scientific validation overview simulation These validation results lead to reliable conclusions

21. Computer simulation Desired situation Ist Current situation Soll Desired situation Change

22. Results research eLink project Implementation eLink delivers significant improvements (efficiency and effectiveness) in the handling of export cargo at Schiphol: – Throughput time – Waiting time – labor costs – less error margins and higher integrity of data (increase of RfC deliveries) – Better and more sustainable environment (less CO2 and less paper)

23. Proof of conduct KLM & Rhenus

24. Critical elements Full cooperation of the staff Sufficient handling capacity at the dock High participation rate of freight forwarders is a necessity Shipments information quality is of the essence – Preserve quality of original information – Information regarding driver & truck correct – Information systems 100% working/reliable

25. Impact of introduction eLink project at handlers Reliable interface eLink with the WMS-system of ground handler is of the essence Redeploy/retrain staff from the documentation department (from check- to service employees) Management of arrivals at the unloading docks Consequences for the layout of various work locations Introduction backup scenarios systems

26. Succes eLink is generating more (digitalization) projects Further improvements are possible if: Introduction entrance order system (number at the barrier) Active dock management via digital system Overall planning system for all cargo arrivals at Schiphol airport which makes peak shaving possible Introduction of performance measurement/scorecard Higher participation rate

27. Conclusion: Digitalization at SPL airport leads to: significant more efficiency and effectiveness resulting in: – Faster throughput times, – Less queues & less waiting times – Higher occupation rates for loading docks personnel & documentation/service desk, – Better planning

28. http://www.inholland.nl/onderzoek/Lectoraten/Airport+and+Aviation/ http://www.acn.nl/ http://www.cargonaut.nl/ http://www.cargomagazine.nl/inholland-conducts-follow-study-elink/ http://www.cargomagazine.nl/inholland-studenten-doen-onderzoek- naar-gebruik-van-elink/ http://www.cargomagazine.nl/inholland-studenten-doen-onderzoek- naar-gebruik-van-elink/ More information Email: Giovanni.Douven@inholland.nl Giovanni.Douven@inholland.nl Websites: Articles:

29. eLink: Open for worldwide introduction -------------- Creating green lines worldwide