Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byAshley Arnold Modified over 9 years ago
1
Microbial Growth Control Growth Inhibition Sterilization Bacteriostatic Bactericidal Disinfectants
2
Heat Sterilization Decimal Reduction Time Spores Denaturation
3
Sterilization Autoclave 121 C, 15 lb, 15 min Moist heat Dry Heat Higher temperatures 160 C, 2 hrs
4
Pasteurization Flash Pasteurization 71 C, 15 seconds Bulk Pasteurization 63-66 C, 30 min
5
Cold Sterilization Radiation Gamma radiation UV light, X-rays
6
Filter Sterilization Depth Filters –HEPA –99.9% of 0.3 μm Membrane (Millipore) Filters Nucleopore Filters
7
Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization Sterilants Packaged plastics
8
Antimicrobial Agents Bactericidal Fungicidal Viricidal Selective Toxicity
9
Measuring Activity Minimum inhibitory Concentration Tube Dilution Agar (Disk) Diffusion
10
Antiseptic Disinfectant Sanitizers Organic Material neutralizes Chemotherapeutic Agents
11
Paul Ehrlich Chemist in Koch’s Lab Staining “Magic Bullet” Agent 606 Salvarsan
12
Target Sites for Antibiotics
13
Growth Factor Analogs: - Sulfanilamide – Folic Acid Synthesis - Sulfa Drugs Quinolones – DNA Gyrase Isoniazid
14
Worldwide Production of Antibiotics Antibiotics -Produced by Microorganisms -Narrow vs. Broad Spectrum -500 metric tons/yr -Natural vs. -Semisynthetic
15
Lactam Antibiotics Lactam Ring Penicillin G Semisynthetic Penicillin –Ampicillin –Methicillin Cephalosporin
16
Aminoglycosides Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Gram Negative Bacteria Streptomycin – TB Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Neomycin
17
Other Antibiotics Macrolides – Erythromycin 11% worldwide Legionellosis Tetracyclines First Broad spectrum
18
Other Antibiotics contd Daptomycin Cytoplasmic membranes Platensimycin Fatty acid synthesis
19
Antiviral Drugs Nucleos(t)ide Analogs Protease inhibitors Poor Selective Toxicity??? Interferon Rhinovirus
21
Influenza Antiviral agents Amantidine –Viral uncoating Osetltamvir –Tamiflu Zanamivir –Relenza –Neuraminidase
22
Chromosomal Resistance R Plasmids Conjugative Drug Misuse 20% justified, 80% given, 50% not correctly used Antibiotic Resistance
23
Search for New Antibiotics New Analogs tetracylcines, penicillins Combinational Chemistry Computer Design Saquinavir Natural Products Platensimycin Drug Combinations Bacteriophage
24
Growth Control Word List Growth Inhibition Sterilization Bacteriostatic Bactericidal Disinfection Heat Sterilization Decimal Reduction Time Spores Autoclave 121 C, 15 lb, 15 Minutes Pasteurization 63-66 C for 30 Minutes 71 C for 15 Seconds Radiation Filter Sterilization Depth Filters Membrane (Millipore) Filters Nucleopore Filter
25
Growth Control Word List 2 Antimicrobial Agent Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Viricidal Selective Toxicity Minimum Inhibitory Conc. Tube Dilution Agar Diffusion Method Antiseptic Disinfectant Chemotherapeutic Agents Paul Ehrlich – Magic Bullet Agent 606 - Salvarsan Growth Factor Analogs Sulfa Drugs Sulfanilamide Folic Acid Synthesis Quinolones Antibiotics Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic
26
Growth Control Word List 3 β – Lactam Ring Penicillins Cephalosporins Aminoglycosides Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin Macrolides Erythromycin Tetracyclines Antiviral Agents Interferons Nucleos(t)ide analogs Protease Inhibitors Fungal Control Drug Resistance Conjugative R Plasmids Drug Misuse
27
Growth Control Word List 4 Search for New Drugs New Analogs Designer Drugs 10/27/2015
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.