1. APA (5 th ed.) Style Guide How to Create Reference List Entries and How to Cite Them in a Paper

2. Overview Purpose of a style guide –standardize –easier to find what you want Somewhat arbitrary –APA does not always “make sense” but …

3. Overview If there is a dispute about how to do it, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source. APA has a Web site that can also be useful http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html

4. Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, yyy-yyy. includes items published on a regular basis –journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc. hanging paragraph format

5. Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] Leonard, D., & McAdam, R. (2008). Corporate social responsibility. Quality Progress, 36, 27-33.

6. ONLINE RESOURCES

7. Academic Search Premier Can you pick out the pieces? –Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages?

8. Structure of a reference: Online Periodical If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. –when YOU retrieved it

9. Structure of a reference: Online Periodical

10. Leeds, R. (2003). Breach of trust. Harvard International Review, 25, 76- 83. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from the Academic Search Premier database.

11. Structure of a reference: Nonperiodical Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. items published separately –books, reports, brochures, manuals, and audiovisual media

12. Structure of a reference: Nonperiodical Sonnenberg, F. K. (2008). Managing with a conscience. New York: McGraw-Hill.

13. Structure of a reference: Part of a Nonperiodical Special consideration –initials of editors go BEFORE surname –insert (Ed.) or (Eds.) after last editor followed by comma –book title italicized with initial capital, capital after colon, and capital for proper nouns [including abbreviations] –page number of chapter

14. Structure of a reference: Part of a Nonperiodical Tushman, M. L., Newman, W. H., & Romanelli, E. (2002). Convergence and upheaval. In H. Mintzberg & J. B. Quinn (Eds.), Readings in the strategy process (pp. 394-400). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

15. Structure of a reference: Brochure

16. Courtplex Fitness Centre. (2004, Winter). Group Fitness Schedule [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC: Author.

17. Structure of a reference: Brochure

18. Coldwell Banker Commercial - Horizon Realty. (n.d.). Mill Creek Commerce Park [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC: Author.

19. Structure of a reference: Videotape Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), & Shepard, K. (Director). (2005). Who stole my cheese? [videotape], United States: Doubletake Productions.

20. Structure of a reference: Online Document Author, A. A. (year) Title of work. Retrieved month, day, year from source. electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups / newsletters

21. Structure of a reference: Online Document

22. MacDonald, C. (n.d.). Creating a code of ethics for your organization. Retrieved January 13, 2009, from http://www. ethicsweb.ca/codes/ –Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period

23. Structure of a reference: Online Corporate Web Site

24. WestJet. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from http://c0dsp. westjet.com/internet/sky/index.jsp

25. Citing a source in the paper 1. One work by one author Author’s name given in the body of your paper: – Leeds (2003) reported… Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses: – In a study on the comparison process (Leeds, 2003)…

26. Citing a source in the paper 2. Citing a secondary source In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003)… Research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003) has shown … –Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003).

27. Citing a source in the paper 3. Direct quotations For direct quotations, include the page number of the quote Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).

28. Citing a source in the paper 4. Electronic sources without page numbers Use the paragraph number, preceded by the paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5) (Butler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1)

29. Citing a source in the paper 5. Personal communications (e.g., letters, phone calls, interviews, e-mail messages, memos, irretrievable documents) J. L. Lowther (personal communication, June 12, 2009) (J. L. Lowther, personal communication, June 12, 2009) –Do NOT include personal communications in the reference list. Cite them in text only.

30. Structure of a reference and citation: Online documents - Same author Health Canada. (n.d.a). Physical activity in Canada. Retrieved January 31, 2009, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/ fitness/work/activity_e.html Health Canada. (n.d.b). Supporting material Retrieved January 31, 2009, from http:// www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/fitness/work/ supp_material_e.html Citation: Health Canada (n.d.a) reported that... Citation: (Health Canada, n.d.a

31. Conclusions Points of Emphasis –pay particular attention to the last page reference list of a paper –hanging paragraph format –double space entire paper, including reference list – Page numbers in the upper right hand corner

32. Conclusions Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5 th ed.) –available in the Reference Collection of Library