1. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 0

2. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Chapter 14 Crisis Intervention

3. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Figure 14-1A Paradigm: the effect of balancing factors in a stressful event. (From Aguilera CD: Crisis intervention: theory and methodology, ed 8, St Louis, 1998, Mosby.)

4. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Figure 14-1B Paradigm: the effect of balancing factors in a stressful event. (From Aguilera CD: Crisis intervention: theory and methodology, ed 8, St Louis, 1998, Mosby.)

5. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Types of Crises Maturational crises—Developmental events requiring role changes Situational crises—Occur when a life event upsets an individual’s or group’s psychological equilibrium

6. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Phases of Disaster Response Warning, or Threat Impact Rescue, or Heroic Remedy, or Honeymoon Inventory Disillusionment Reconstruction, or Recovery

7. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Crisis Intervention The goal of crisis intervention is for the individual to return to a precrisis level of functioning.

8. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Figure 14-2 Levels of crisis intervention.

9. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Techniques of Crisis Intervention Catharsis—The release of feelings that takes place as the patient talks about emotionally charged areas Clarification—Encouraging the patient to express more clearly the relationship between certain events Suggestion—Influencing a person to accept an idea or belief, particularly the belief that the nurse can help and that the person will in time feel better Reinforcement of behavior—Giving the patient positive responses to adaptive behavior

10. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Techniques of Crisis Intervention (cont.) Support of defenses—Encouraging the use of healthy, adaptive defenses and discouraging those that are unhealthy or maladaptive Raising self-esteem—Helping the patient regain feelings of self-worth Exploration of solutions—Examining alternative ways of solving the immediate problem