1. 16 - Therapy

2. If you were a psychologist, what type of therapy would you prefer? Why?

3. What is your experience?
I have been to a psychotherapist.
I have considered going to see a psychotherapist.
I have never been, nor have I considered going to a psychotherapist.
Survey: What is your experience?
Relevant topics: therapy, prevalence of use of therapy
Use these slides to talk about who might benefit from psychotherapy,
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
Have you , or someone you know, been to a psychotherapist (psychologist, psychiatrist etc.)?
Yes No
Survey: What is your experience?
Relevant topics: therapy, prevalence of use of therapy
Use these slides to talk about who might benefit from psychotherapy,
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

5. Class presentation video: Therapy What topics do you need help with?

6. What topics do you need help with?
A. Psychoanalysis
B. Client-centered therapy
C. Behavior therapy
D. Active listening
E. I understand

7. What topics do you need help with?
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Aversive conditioning
C. A token economy
D. Cognitive therapy
E. I understand

8. What topics do you need help with?
A. Family therapy
B. Regression to the mean
C. The placebo effect
D. Electroconvulsive therapy
E. I understand

10. C. systematic desensitization. D. transference.
While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny’s therapist was making use of a technique known as:
A. active listening.
B. free association.
C. systematic desensitization.
D. transference.
Answer: B

11. C. systematic desensitization. D. transference.
While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny’s therapist was making use of a technique known as:
A. active listening.
B. free association.
C. systematic desensitization.
D. transference.
Answer: B

12. Humanistic therapies differ from psychoanalytic therapies in all of the following ways, EXCEPT:
A. psychoanalytic therapists are more likely to encourage the client to take immediate responsibility for feelings.
B. humanistic therapists are more oriented to the present and future, rather than the past.
C. psychoanalytic therapists are more likely to emphasize unconscious processes.
D. humanistic therapists are more growth-oriented.
Answer: A

13. Humanistic therapies differ from psychoanalytic therapies in all of the following ways, EXCEPT:
A. psychoanalytic therapists are more likely to encourage the client to take immediate responsibility for feelings.
B. humanistic therapists are more oriented to the present and future, rather than the past.
C. psychoanalytic therapists are more likely to emphasize unconscious processes.
D. humanistic therapists are more growth-oriented.
Answer: A

14. McKenzie’s therapist believes that active listening is an extremely important component of therapy. He is probably a:
A. psychoanalyst.
B. cognitive therapist.
C. behavior therapist.
D. client-centered therapist.
Answer: D

15. McKenzie’s therapist believes that active listening is an extremely important component of therapy. He is probably a:
A. psychoanalyst.
B. cognitive therapist.
C. behavior therapist.
D. client-centered therapist.
Answer: D

16. Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of:
A. exploring clients’ childhood relationships with other family members.
B. interpreting the meaning of clients’ nonverbal behaviors.
C. enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.
D. helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
Answer: C

17. Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of:
A. exploring clients’ childhood relationships with other family members.
B. interpreting the meaning of clients’ nonverbal behaviors.
C. enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.
D. helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
Answer: C

18. A. stress inoculation training. B. aversive conditioning.
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family’s backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist’s approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates:
A. stress inoculation training.
B. aversive conditioning.
C. exposure therapy.
D. humanistic therapy.
Answer: C

19. A. stress inoculation training. B. aversive conditioning.
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family’s backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist’s approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates:
A. stress inoculation training.
B. aversive conditioning.
C. exposure therapy.
D. humanistic therapy.
Answer: C

20. A cognitive therapist would be most likely to say:
A. “That sounds quite frustrating. It isn’t easy to be in a situation like that.”
B. “Can you think of a more positive interpretation of what happened?”
C. “Just say whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or irrelevant it might seem.”
D. “Next time you start to feel anxious, you can use the relaxation techniques we’ve been working on.”
Answer: B

21. A cognitive therapist would be most likely to say:
A. “That sounds quite frustrating. It isn’t easy to be in a situation like that.”
B. “Can you think of a more positive interpretation of what happened?”
C. “Just say whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or irrelevant it might seem.”
D. “Next time you start to feel anxious, you can use the relaxation techniques we’ve been working on.”
Answer: B

22. For which of the following disorders is psychotherapy most likely to be effective in the long run?
A. generalized anxiety disorder
B. major depressive disorder
C. chronic schizophrenia
D. phobias
Answer: D

23. For which of the following disorders is psychotherapy most likely to be effective in the long run?
A. generalized anxiety disorder
B. major depressive disorder
C. chronic schizophrenia
D. phobias
Answer: D

24. Researchers have sought to answer the question, “Does psychotherapy work?” Generally speaking, the answer seems to be:
A. yes, people in therapy improve more than people in control groups.
B. yes, but people in therapy improve at the same rate as people who are receiving placebo treatments.
C. no, therapy does not provide any benefits; people who just let time pass improve at the same rate as people in therapy.
D. no one really knows, because so far the only method used to answer this question has been interviewing former therapy clients.
Answer: A

25. Researchers have sought to answer the question, “Does psychotherapy work?” Generally speaking, the answer seems to be:
A. yes, people in therapy improve more than people in control groups.
B. yes, but people in therapy improve at the same rate as people who are receiving placebo treatments.
C. no, therapy does not provide any benefits; people who just let time pass improve at the same rate as people in therapy.
D. no one really knows, because so far the only method used to answer this question has been interviewing former therapy clients.
Answer: A

26. The effectiveness of psychotherapy shows little if any connection to:
A. the level of training and experience of the therapist.
B. the length of time a client has experienced symptoms of disorder prior to therapy.
C. the particular disorder experienced by a client.
D. the extent to which the process depends on changing clients’ personalities.
Answer: A

27. The effectiveness of psychotherapy shows little if any connection to:
A. the level of training and experience of the therapist.
B. the length of time a client has experienced symptoms of disorder prior to therapy.
C. the particular disorder experienced by a client.
D. the extent to which the process depends on changing clients’ personalities.
Answer: A

28. The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _______ in therapeutic success.
A. active listening
B. psychopharmacology
C. behavior modification
D. cognitive processes
Answer: D

29. The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _______ in therapeutic success.
A. active listening
B. psychopharmacology
C. behavior modification
D. cognitive processes
Answer: D

30. If a therapist tells a client, “Rank order the things that frighten you from least to most,” the therapist is most likely practicing:
A. Freudian therapy.
B. systematic desensitization.
C. Gestalt therapy.
D. token economy.
Answer: B

31. If a therapist tells a client, “Rank order the things that frighten you from least to most,” the therapist is most likely practicing:
A. Freudian therapy.
B. systematic desensitization.
C. Gestalt therapy.
D. token economy.
Answer: B

32. Jon’s therapist laces his alcoholic drink with a drug that makes Jon sick. After getting sick a few times, just the sight of the drink makes Jon nauseous. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is the:
A. drug.
B. alcohol.
C. nauseous response to the drug.
D. nauseous response to the sight of the drink.
Answer: B

33. Jon’s therapist laces his alcoholic drink with a drug that makes Jon sick. After getting sick a few times, just the sight of the drink makes Jon nauseous. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is the:
A. drug.
B. alcohol.
C. nauseous response to the drug.
D. nauseous response to the sight of the drink.
Answer: B

34. Your therapist asks you to try to remember your dreams
Your therapist asks you to try to remember your dreams. He also encourages you to review incidents in early childhood. Your therapist is most likely practicing:
A. Freudian therapy.
B. cognitive therapy.
C. behavior therapy.
D. humanistic therapy.
Answer: A

35. Your therapist asks you to try to remember your dreams
Your therapist asks you to try to remember your dreams. He also encourages you to review incidents in early childhood. Your therapist is most likely practicing:
A. Freudian therapy.
B. cognitive therapy.
C. behavior therapy.
D. humanistic therapy.
Answer: A

36. Samuel receives some very bad news, and feels quite low
Samuel receives some very bad news, and feels quite low. As time passes, you would expect:
A. his emotions to return to their usual state.
B. his emotions to stay low until something unusually good happens to him.
C. him to become much happier than usual, since people typically bounce back and forth between emotional extremes.
D. him to stay emotionally low unless he goes in for psychotherapy.
Answer: A

37. Samuel receives some very bad news, and feels quite low
Samuel receives some very bad news, and feels quite low. As time passes, you would expect:
A. his emotions to return to their usual state.
B. his emotions to stay low until something unusually good happens to him.
C. him to become much happier than usual, since people typically bounce back and forth between emotional extremes.
D. him to stay emotionally low unless he goes in for psychotherapy.
Answer: A

38. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A man has a fear of heights. A therapist who uses the technique called "flooding" would
Encourage him to think of other things.
Take him to the top of a mountain.
Present him with many relaxing stimuli at one time.
Probe the origins of this fear in early childhood.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

39. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A man has a fear of heights. A therapist who uses the technique called "flooding" would
Encourage him to think of other things.
Take him to the top of a mountain.
Present him with many relaxing stimuli at one time.
Probe the origins of this fear in early childhood.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

40. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A behaviorist decides that the best way to cure his client’s
alcohol addiction is to place a drug in his alcohol that
causes nausea, and then have the client drink the alcohol.
This is an example of what type of technique?
Flooding
Aversion therapy
Systematic desensitization
Counter-conditioning
Extinction
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

41. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A behaviorist decides that the best way to cure his client’s
alcohol addiction is to place a drug in his alcohol that
causes nausea, and then have the client drink the alcohol.
This is an example of what type of technique?
Flooding
Aversion therapy
Systematic desensitization
Counter-conditioning
Extinction
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

42. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Behavioral therapies are best suited for what type of
psychological disorder?
Schizophrenia
Depression
Phobias
Personality disorders
Dissociative identity disorder
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

43. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Behavioral therapies are best suited for what type of
psychological disorder?
Schizophrenia
Depression
Phobias
Personality disorders
Dissociative identity disorder
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

44. B. psychoanalytic perspective. C. medical model.
Amanda’s therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist’s suggestion best illustrates a:
A. DSM-IV diagnosis.
B. psychoanalytic perspective.
C. medical model.
D. social-cognitive perspective.
Answer: D

45. B. psychoanalytic perspective. C. medical model.
Amanda’s therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist’s suggestion best illustrates a:
A. DSM-IV diagnosis.
B. psychoanalytic perspective.
C. medical model.
D. social-cognitive perspective.
Answer: D

46. If your psychologist believes that psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through the use of standard tools, techniques, and medications, she is most likely looking at psychological disorders from which perspective?
A. the medical perspective
B. the psychoanalytic perspective
C. the optimistic perspective
D. the bio-social perspective
Answer: A

47. If your psychologist believes that psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through the use of standard tools, techniques, and medications, she is most likely looking at psychological disorders from which perspective?
A. the medical perspective
B. the psychoanalytic perspective
C. the optimistic perspective
D. the bio-social perspective
Answer: A

48. Discussion Question

49. Compare and contrast the following forms of psychotherapy: cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral. Identify the focus of each approach as well as areas of agreement and difference.

50. Top Priority
Comparing and contrasting instead of just listing each form of psychotherapy separately.
Second Priority
Accurately describing each form of psychotherapy including agreement and difference.

51. Cognitive Humanistic Behavioral Thoughts cause abnormal behavior
Changing unrealistic thoughts is the intervention
Humanistic
Emphasizes empowering the person
Self-growth with therapist help
Unconditional positive regard
Behavioral
Uses (classical & operant conditioning) to eliminate difficult behavior

52. Agreement Disagreement All approach the person in a supportive manner
None focus on the past early childhood
Disagreement
Cognitive therapy focuses on thoughts, whereas behavior therapy focuses on only behavior
Cognitive and behavioral are more specific, whereas humanistic is more general.