1. Dec 17, 2013 Bell Work SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Instructions: Answer these questions on your paper  What is the chemical symbol for gold?  How many protons does each atom of gold have? Periodic table: Silly Image (Gold Fish) PRESS THE RIGHT-ARROW BUTTON ON YOUR KEYBOARD TO ADVANCE THROUGH THE PRESENTATION

2. Quick Review SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Periodic table  A chart of all known chemical elements  Shows all the different types of atoms Purpose  To quickly locate a variety of information about a particular element How is it organized  Organized into rows called periods  Organized into columns called groups  Arranged in numerical order by the atomic number  Also arranged other ways (metals, nonmetals, metalloids, etc)

3. Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Periods: The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7 From period 6 From period 7

4. Periods The period number tells you the number of electron shells All elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

5. Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table  The period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7 Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells)

6. x 5 x 6 Legend =protons =neutrons =electrons Period Number and Electron Shells  Below is a model of one boron (B) atom (atomic number-5)  Notice that it has two electron shells SPI 0807.9.9 (Per Table) Notes 1 st Shell 2nd Shell  Since it has two shells, it is located in the second period of the periodic table

7. Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Again…the period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has Example: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7 Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells)

8. Legend =protons =neutrons =electrons Period Number and Electron Shells  Below is a model of one sodium (Na) atom (atomic number-11)  Notice that it has three electron shells x 11 x 12 3rd Shell 1 st Shell  Since it has three shells, it is located in the third period of the periodic table 2nd Shell

9. Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table  There are 18 groups Groups: the columns are called groups (also called families) 123456789 101112131415161718

10. Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table 123456789 101112131415161718  The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many electrons are in the outer most shells. Example: Every element in group 1 has only 1 valence electron These are called the valence electrons

11. Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table 1 2 1314151617 18  Again, the group number can reveal the number of valence electrons Note: However this only works for groups 1 to 2 and 13 to 18 (see below) This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12 HINT: Remember V =V V for vertical = V for valence electrons

12. 1 213 1415161718 For groups 1 to 2:  The group number equals the number of valence electrons  Example: Every element in group two has two valence electrons For groups 13 to 18:  Subtract 10 from the group number to determine the valence electrons  Example: Every element in group 13 has 3 valence electrons (13-10=3) This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12

13. Legend =protons =neutrons =electrons Group Number and Valence Electronss  Below is a model of one silicon (Si) atom  Notice that it has four electrons in the outer shell x 14 In other words it has 4 valence electrons With 4 valence electrons it is located in group 14 of the periodic table