1. Ions Wednesday January 8, 2014
EQ: What is an ion and how does an atom become an ion? How are valence electrons related to ions (cations and anions).

2. What’s an Ion?
An atom, or a group of atoms, that have a charge.

3. 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F Ar11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 21 Sc 22 Ti 39 Y 40 Zr
57-71 72 Hf
89-103
104 Rf 23 V 24 Cr 41 Nb 42 Mo 73 Ta 74 W
105 Db
106 Sg 25 Mn 26 Fe 43 Tc 44 Ru 75 Re 76 Os
107 Bh
108 Hs 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb
113 Fr
114
Uug 29 Cu 30 Zn 47 Ag 48 Cd 79 Au 80 Hg
111 Rg
112
Uub 27 Co 28 Ni 45 Rh 46 Pd 77 Ir 78 Pt
109 Mt
110 Ds

4. 8 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb
113 Fr
114
Uug 8

5. More protons = (Positive charge)
11 Na Sodium
Lost 1
electron Na
Na+
Protons (+) = Electrons (-) = Valence electrons =
Protons (+) =
Electrons (-) =
Valence Electrons = 11 10
8  11 1
More protons = (Positive charge)
Neutral (no charge)

6. 8 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb
113 Fr
114
Uug 8

7. More protons = (Positive charge)
12 Mg Magnesium
Mg2+
Lost 2
electrons Mg
Protons (+) = 12
Electrons (-) = 10
Valence Electrons = 8 
Protons (+) = 12 Electrons (-) = 12 Valence Electrons = 2
Neutral (no charge)
More protons = (Positive charge)

8. More protons = (Positive charge)
Mg2+
Cation
-ion
Protons (+) = 12
Electrons (-) = 10
Valence Electrons = 8 
More protons = (Positive charge)

9. Na+ K+
Li+
Li+ K+ K+
Na+
Li+
Na+

10. 8 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb
113 Fr
114
Uug 8

11. MORE electrons = (Negative charge)
8 O Oxygen O
O2-
Gain 2
electrons
Protons (+) = 8
Electrons (-) = 10
Protons (+) = 8 Electrons (-) = 8
Neutral (no charge)
MORE electrons = (Negative charge)

12. More electrons = (Negative charge)
anion a
negative
Protons (+) =
Electrons (-) = 8 10
More electrons = (Negative charge)

13. Ion Review + + Ion: an atom or group of atoms with a charge
Cation: An ion with a positive charge
(MORE PROTONS than electrons)
+ +
Anion: An ion with a negative charge
(MORE ELECTRONS than protons)

14. NON
METALS
METALS
IF YOU LOOK AT A PERIODIC TABLE – STAIRCASE – SEPARATES METALS AND NONMETALS
CHEMICAL WITH METAL CONNECTED TO NONMETAL = IONIC BOND

15. 8 Mg Valence Electrons Gain? Or Lose? Symbol & Charge Anion or Cation?
Metal or
Nonmetal
Magnesium 2
Lose 2
Mg2+
Cation
Metal 8 12 Mg
IF YOU LOOK AT A PERIODIC TABLE – STAIRCASE – SEPARATES METALS AND NONMETALS
CHEMICAL WITH METAL CONNECTED TO NONMETAL = IONIC BOND

16. Anions/Cations: Interpreting the Periodic Table
Homework
Anions/Cations: Interpreting the Periodic Table