1. TREATMENTS BIOLOGICAL MODEL Dr Ros Weston Psychology

2. BIOLOGICAL / SOMATIC Psychosurgery – pre-frontal labotomy Pre – frontal leukotomy Stereotactic neuro – surgery Targets areas of brain. Any gdalotomies and cingulotomies  Effectiveness Effectively reduces aggression Side effects (Eysenck and Eysenck 1989)

3. ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK TREATMENT (ECT) 10-30 volts passed through non-dominant brain hemisphere under anaesthetic and muscle relaxant Ethical Issues : patient agreement Can cause injury  Effectiveness Janicak (1985) over 80% depressed patients respond well and 64% given drug therapy Can be successful for severe depression (case specific) (Fink 1985) suggests 60%+ successful for psychotic depressive patients Sackheim (1993) suggests high relapse rate within a year

4. DRUG THERAPY Used for depression, anxiety disorders; schizophrenia Depression; monoamines which are neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and noradrenalin which need controlling. Drugs are : monoamine oxidase inhibitors Tricyclics SSR’s Lithium for manic depression  Effectiveness 60% effective but all have side effects Sten et al (1980) Lithium (Gerbino et all 1978) has serious side effects