1. B EHAVIORIST AND H UMANIST T HEORIES Unit 5 Lesson 4

2. O BJECTIVES Review additional psychoanalytic theories. Indentify contributions of Thorndike, Skinner, Maslow and Rogers to study of personality. Compare and contrast behaviorist and humanist theories of personality development.

3. W ARM U P If Freud said that pleasure drives personality formation, what did the others say drives it? Jung – Collective unconscious Adler – Inferiority Erikson – Socialization Horney - Security

4. R EVIEW Each of you will receive an index card with a term relating to a psychoanalytic theory discussed yesterday. First, group yourselves according to the theorist who used the term. Second, go around the circle and define the terms. Third, compare your illustrations. Choose the best illustration for your theorist and draw it on the board.

5. A S URVEY … Give yourself one point for each of the following A responses: 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13 Give yourself one point for each of the following B responses: 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15 If your A score is higher than 5, you agree more with the behaviorist view of personality. If you B score is higher than 5, you agree more with the humanist view. Statement 10 can be interpreted as either view.

6. B EHAVIORIST / S OCIAL -C OGNITIVE M ODELS B.F. Skinner Response Tendencies - personality results from person’s history of reinforcement/punishment for behaviors Behavior therapy can alter undesired patterns of behavior Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory – personality is shaped through learning Observational Learning – learn by watching, including vicarious reinforcement and punishment Self-Efficacy – learned expectation of success Reciprocal Determinism – personality results from two-way interaction b/t person’s characteristics and environment

7. H UMANISTIC T HEORIES Alternative to negative, focus on positive Born with positive drive to grow & improve (inner-directedness). Strive for self- determination and self- actualization. Self-concept reflects perception of who we are and what we’re like.

8. H UMANISTIC T HEORIES Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs – humans strive to realize full potential once they have satisfied basic needs. Healthy personality: awareness/acceptance of self, openness & spontaneity, enjoy work, close friendships w/out dependency, sense of humor,

9. H UMANISTIC T HEORIES Carl Rogers Most important aspect of personality is self-concept: all thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about ourselves Real vs Ideal Self Incongruence – discrepancy between self-concept & reality Congruence – fairly accurate match To become fully functioning person we need to experience Unconditional Positive Regard - attitude of total acceptance toward another, loved & worthy no matter what Conditions of worth – requirements for earning positive regard (love) from others

10. T HINK -P AIR -S HARE In your notes, won’t be collected so be honest! Who is your most significant other at this time? Do you have UPR for this person? Explain. Does this person have UPR for you? Explain. Are there conditions of worth in your relationship? If so, what are they?

11. C LOSURE How do psychoanalytic, humanistic, and behavioral perspectives of personality differ? Psychoanalysts emphasize unconscious forces in dvpt of personality Humanists emphasize rationality and natural desire to be all we can be Behavioral (or social-cognitive) theories emphasize impact of learning and cognition on dvpt.

12. H OMEWORK Write down three traits or characteristics that best describe you. Find three other people and ask them what 3 words they would use to describe you.