1. Egypt World History & Geography to 1500 AD PowerPoint Slides Mr. Mable Tucker High School 2012

3. SOL Standards Chapter 1 STANDARD WHI.2a The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution by a)explaining the impact of geographic environment on hunter-gatherer societies. During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared in river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent. River valleys provided water and rich soil for crops as well as protection from invasion. Egyptian civilization: Nile River Valley and Nile Delta (Africa)

6. Great Sahara Desert

9. Where is Egypt in Africa?

11. Geography Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions: Upper and Lower Egypt Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River's delta made by the river as it empties into the Mediterranean. Upper Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of the Delta. http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/geography/home.html

12. Vegetation of the Nile Delta

13. Delta: Geographic Formation Swampy Area Mouth of River Fans out in shape of a Triangle (Delta) Very fertile soil in this area

14. Nile Delta Located in northern Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and empties into the Mediterranean Sea 240 km of coastline, 106 km in length Rich agricultural region Most fertile soil in Africa

16. I. Geography River dominates Egyptian world/thought Surrounded by desert with occasional oasis –Permits some trade –Defense from invasion Contributes to feeling of safety –preserves artifacts

17. I. The Nile yearly flooding - no concern for soil depletion –Predictable –Irrigation systems Encourages –Trade –Communication –Political unity

19. White & Blue Nile Meet in Sudan

20. Isthmus: Geographic Formation Small strip of land Connects 2 larger pieces of land Fans out in shape i.e. Isthmus of Suez Suez Canal is located here. Why? Opposite of Strait!!

21. Isthmus: Geographic Formation Why do you think canals are placed at an Isthmus?

22. Suez Canal

23. Modern trade routes

25. Early Capital of Lower Egypt

26. Early Capital of Upper Egypt

28. Cataracts (Waterfalls)

29. I. The Nile

32. Trade on the Nile

33. Contrary to popular belief, the pyramids were not built with slave labor but by the Egyptian people. How was it done?

34. Blue Nile

35. White Nile

36. “Egypt is the gift of the Nile” - Herodotus

37. I. The Nile Impact on religion –divided life - living and dying. East (sunrise) is land of the living - cities, temples West (sunset) is land of the dead - tombs

38. Floodplain

39. The low strip of fertile land located on either side of the Nile River The river flooded during the annual inundation When the inundation subsided, it left the earth soaked and overlaid with a fresh layer of black silt. Most of the farming occurred here

40. Bordered on the south, east and west by the Sahara Desert, and on the north by the sea, ancient Egypt was protected from outside influences.

41. Facts About the Nile River Length4,184 miles 2 SourcesLake Victoria, Uganda (White Nile); Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Blue Nile) MouthMediterranean Sea, off Egypt Countries Flows Through Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi Name OriginGreek word Nelios, which means "River Valley"

42. Upper Egypt Lower Egypt The History of Egypt begins with Menes Menes Unites upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, joining the two into a united kingdom In doing this, Menes establishes the first Egyptian Dynasty

43. Ancient Egypt 3200-500 BC I.Location 1.North Africa 2.Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea, Sahara Desert, Red Sea A.Result = less prone to invasion. II.Nile River 1.World’s longest river (4000 miles) 2.“Gift of the Nile”  annual flooding that deposits rich soil. 3.Benefits A.Easy communication. B.Transportation. C.Ample water supply.

45. The most important thing to the Egyptians about The Nile was the yearly flooding. The Nile would flood each year in the spring. With the flood it would deposit a rich later of silt, or soil on either side of the river. The rich soil around the Nile was called the Black land. The desert was called the Red Land. Egypt had several natural barriers which helped to protect it from invasion These barriers gave Egyptians a sense of security that was lacking in much of the ancient world. Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Western Desert

46. How did the Nile River in Egypt and other River Valley Civilizations promote life?

47. Agriculture Expanded agriculture led to expanded populations and demand for increased production Cultivators moved beyond the Nile’s immediate floodplains building dikes to protect their fields from floods and catchment basins to store water for irrigation rivers agriculture populations cities specialization hierarchy

50. Shaduf To lift water from the canal Egyptians used a shaduf, a large pole balanced on a crossbeam with a rope and bucket on one end and a heavy counter weight at the other. When the rope was pulled, the bucket would be lowered into the canal. The counterweight would raise the bucket. The farmer would then carry the bucket to the field and water it.

51. Specialization Brewing and BreadmakingPlowing and Sowing Sailing Harvesting papyrus and Herding

52. Specialization Nile societies were much slower than their Mesopotamian counterparts to adopt metal tools and weapons Did develop pottery, textile manufacture, woodworking, leather production, stonecutting, and masonry occupations Egyptian pottery makers

53. Specialization Building a pyramid would require –Laborers –Architects –Engineers –Craftsmen –Artists

54. Your homework: Map Quiz on Egyptian Geography & Database Quiz #2