1. December 13, 2004 1 STATag Prototype Presentation Daniel Tubbs Brian Easton Jason Sadler Latricia Simon Chad Hilton James Mayor

2. December 13, 2004 2 Societal Problem Defined Hospital staff waste time locating mobile equipment, wasting billions of dollars annually. 35-60% 1 of a nurse’s time is wasted on Searching for equipment Clarifying orders Entering redundant information Wasting $58 - $99 billion annually 2

3. December 13, 2004 3 Solution The use of STATags will Reduce man hours searching for needed equipment Increase staff efficiency Increase a nurse’s efficiency at least 10% 1 Lower operating costs Save a real $1 for every $4 of efficiency gained 3 (reduction of overtime, increased turnaround) Increase job satisfaction 3

4. December 13, 2004 4 STATag Goals Use dead-reckoning to determine current location Use network security Use a self-discovering and self-configuring network Handle large quantities of equipment

5. December 13, 2004 5 STATag Goals (continued) Activate alarms Store historical location and usage data Run without intervention for long periods Battery must last 5-7 years Need calibration only when battery is changed

6. December 13, 2004 6 STATag Limitations STATag will not: Prevent theft Collect or transmit personally identifiable health information (covered under HIPAA) Communicate further than 100 feet between STATags

7. December 13, 2004 7 STATag System

8. December 13, 2004 8 Web Server / User Interface

9. December 13, 2004 9 Database

10. December 13, 2004 10 STATags

11. December 13, 2004 11 Web Server Open source web server Provides a bridge between the end user and the database Eliminates the need for client software Allows any client with a web browser to connect PC Laptop PDA

12. December 13, 2004 12 Database Open source relational database collects and stores STATag location information Real-time look-ups History Alarms Inventory Reports

13. December 13, 2004 13 STATag Diagram

14. December 13, 2004 14 STATag Accelerometers and gyroscopes detect orientation and motion Microcontroller calculates current position 802.15.4 module communicates to DB server via mesh network Switches provide state information RAM records position data when unable to communicate with DB server Battery keeps everything running for 5 years

15. December 13, 2004 15 Project Risks – Web Interface Inadequate response time Complexity of use Complexity of administration

16. December 13, 2004 16 Project Risks - Database Database size may grow too fast Database design may be too complicated to use without regular administration Response time may be inadequate for a large number of tags

17. December 13, 2004 17 Project Risks – STATag Interference with hospital monitoring equipment STATag transmits 1% the power of other safe wireless devices Most major hospitals are implementing WiFi Conflicts with other 2.4 GHz networks 802.15.4 has been designed for interoperability 802.15.4 and ZigBee are new standards and therefore there may be unknown issues Hardware issues are being resolved by manufactures Software issues will be correctable by patching

18. December 13, 2004 18 Prototype Goals Build a prototype for each subsystem Demonstrate integration of the subsystems Web server and user interface Database Individual STATag

19. December 13, 2004 19 Prototype Diagram

20. December 13, 2004 20 Prototype vs. Real System PrototypeReal System DatabaseMSSQLMySQL Web ServerIIS 5.1Apache User InterfaceASP.NETJava Web BrowserAnyAny HardwareSame PCSeparate Servers

21. December 13, 2004 21 Prototype vs. Real System PrototypeReal System Accelerometer2-axis3-axis MicrocontrollerLaptopOn-board Wireless Network802.11b802.15.4 RAMLog FileOn-board GyroscopeNo3-axis In-use SwitchNoYes Tag-removed SwitchNoYes

22. December 13, 2004 22 Database Accomplishments Each STATag history entry requires 40 bytes Average hospital database size – 67.2 GB (1 year history of 1368 tags updated every 30 seconds) Database design is simple

23. December 13, 2004 23 Database Schema

24. December 13, 2004 24 User Interface / Database Demo

25. December 13, 2004 25 STATag Prototype ADXL202EB-232 2-axis accelerometer evaluation board with serial interface Custom application calculates position data from log file created by ADXL202EB-232 Position data sent to database server via 802.11b network

26. December 13, 2004 26 ADXL202EB-232

27. December 13, 2004 27 ADXL202 Surface Mount Package

28. December 13, 2004 28 STATag Demo Acceleration (a) Measured by accelerometer Speed (s) s final = s initial + a * time Position (p) p final = p initial + s * time

29. December 13, 2004 29 Issues Encountered Minimum error - 0.0002 g 5-year cumulative error – minimum of 95 miles per axis Location uncertainty Prototype - 9,025 square-miles Production - 860,000 cubic-miles Maximum allowed error - 1.91 x 10 -9 g (5 ft. error after 5 years)

30. December 13, 2004 30 Position Uncertainty After 5 Years

31. December 13, 2004 31 Five-year Error vs. Max. Error

32. December 13, 2004 32 Detected Acceleration by Angle

33. December 13, 2004 33 Final Prototype Diagram

34. December 13, 2004 34 Options Continue working with Analog Devices to find an accelerometer / software combination that meets our design needs Replace the dead-reckoning functionality with Real-Time Locating Systems (RTLS) components Both options affect only the STATag subsystem and remaining subsystems remain the same

35. December 13, 2004 35 Continue with Dead-Reckoning PRO Costs and profits are well understood Progress already being made CON May not be able to solve issues May require additional manpower or funding

36. December 13, 2004 36 Switch to RTLS PRO Commercial off the shelf product Standardized, multiple vendors Not affected by cumulative error CON Higher wireless transmitting power Increased hospital installation cost Delayed hospital ROI

37. December 13, 2004 37 Recommendations Move forward with database, web server, and user interface development Convert STATag to use RTLS components

38. December 13, 2004 38 Questions?

39. December 13, 2004 39 References & Calculations 1 Cindy Jimmerson, April 7, 2004 2 $166 Billion (Nurse’s Salary and Benefits) 4 x 35% = $58 Billion $166 Billion (Nurse’s Salary and Benefits) 4 x 60% = $99 Billion 3 Murphy, Mark: Eliminating Wasteful Work in Hospitals Improves Margin, Quality, and Culture

40. December 13, 2004 40 References & Calculations 4 975,962 5 Beds x 10 Mobile Medical Devices per bed = 9.76 Million Mobile Medical Devices 5 Hospital Statistics, 2004 edition, American Hospital Association, as reported by the American Hospital Association website