2. Quantitative and qualitative differences in understanding sentences interrupted with noise by young normal-hearing and elderly hearing-impaired listeners. Jae Hee Lee, Diane Kewley-Port, and Larry E Humes Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, Indiana University Poster presented at 2007 International Research Conference on Aging and Speech Communication, Indiana, USA. E-mail: jaejalee@indiana.edu

3. Study 1: Kewley-Port, D., Burkle, T. Z., and Lee, J. H. (2007). “Contribution of consonant versus vowel information to sentence intelligibility for young normal hearing and elderly hearing-impaired listeners,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 4, 2365-2375. Study 2: Lee, J. H. and Kewley-Port, D. “Intelligibility of interrupted sentences at subsegmental levels in young normal-hearing and elderly hearing-impaired listeners,” in preparation to be submitted to J. Acoust. Soc. Am

4. Original sentence: If she moved gracefully, she was clumsy at it

5. Group Phonetic symbols Total Consonant b d g p t k dx q jh ch s sh z zh f th v dh hh hv l r y w el eng nx m n ng em en32 Vowel iy ih eh ey ae aa aw ay ah ao oy ow uh uw ux er ax ix axr ax-h20 Classification of TIMIT phonetic symbols into consonants and vowels

6. Phonemic and phonetic symbols used in TIMIT POSSIBLE PHONETIC SYMBOL EXAMPLE WORD TRANSCRIPTION Stops: b bee BCL B iy d day DCL D ey g gay GCL G ey p pea PCL P iy t tea TCL T iy k key KCL K iy dx muddy m ah DX iy q bat bcl b ae Q Affricates: jh joke DCL JH ow kcl k ch choke TCL CH ow kcl k Fricatives: s sea S iy sh she SH iy z zone Z ow n zh azure ae ZH er f fin F ih n th thin TH ih n v van V ae n dh then DH e n Nasals: m mom M aa M n noon N uw N ng sing s ih NG em bottom b aa tcl t EM en button b ah q EN eng washington w aa sh ENG tcl t ax n nx winner w ih NX axr

7. Phonemic and phonetic symbols used in TIMIT Semivowels and Glides: l lay L ey r ray R ey w way W ey y yacht Y aa tcl t hh hay HH ey hv ahead ax HV eh dcl d el bottle bcl b aa tcl t EL Others: SYMBOL DESCRIPTION ------ ----------- pau pause epi epenthetic silence h# begin/end marker (non-speech events) 1 primary stress marker 2 secondary stress marker Vowels: iy beet bcl b IY tcl t ih bit bcl b IH tcl t eh bet bcl b EH tcl t ey bait bcl b EY tcl t ae bat bcl b AE tcl t aa bott bcl b AA tcl t aw bout bcl b AW tcl t ay bite bcl b AY tcl t ah but bcl b AH tcl t ao bought bcl b AO tcl t oy boy bcl b OY ow boat bcl b OW tcl t uh book bcl b UH kcl k uw boot bcl b UW tcl t ux toot tcl t UX tcl t er bird bcl b ER dcl d ax about AX bcl b aw tcl t ix debit dcl d eh bcl b IX tcl t axr butter bcl b ah dx AXR ax-h suspect s AX-H s pcl p eh kcl k tcl t

8. Sentence 1546. In the pity for them his loneliness was gone. Study 1: Full and VIN (Vowels-in) FULL VIN

9. Study 1: Full and CIN (Consonants-in) FULL CIN Sentence 601. But that explanation is only partly true

10. Sentence 1546. In the pity for them his loneliness was gone. Study 2 : 1) Steady-state in vowels and consonants (SSVC) 2) Transition in vowels and consonants (TRVC) SSVC TRVC FULL

11. Sentence 1546. In the pity for them his loneliness was gone. Study 2 : 3) Onset Transition in vowels and consonants (ONTR) 4) Offset Transition in vowels and consonants (OFFTR) ONTR OFFTR FULL

12. Sentence 601. But that explanation is only partly true Study 2 : 1) Steady-state in vowels and consonants (SSVC) 2) Transition in vowels and consonants (TRVC) FULL TRVC SSVC

13. Study 2 : 3) Onset Transition in vowels and consonants (ONTR) 4) Offset Transition in vowels and consonants (OFFTR) Sentence 601. But that explanation is only partly true FULL ONTR OFFTR

14. Study 2 : 50% of duty cycle Sentence: What elements of our behavior are decisive? Sentence. If she moved gracefully, she was clumsy at it. Study 2 : 70% of duty cycle

15. Audiogram across study 1 and 2

16. SSVC TRVC

17. ONTR OFFTR