1. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector John Harris (Yale) A Comprehensive New Detector for RHIC II Physics for L. Bland, M. Calderon, P. Steinberg, T. Ullrich (BNL) H. Caines, J.W. Harris, C. Markert, N. Smirnov (Yale) R. Bellwied, C. Pruneau, S. Voloshin (Wayne State) M. Lisa, D. Magestro (Ohio State) B. Surrow (MIT) R. Lacey (Stony Brook) S. Margetis (Kent State) G. Paic (UNAM Mexico) T. Nayak (VECC Calcutta) (forming) an “exploratory working group” on a comprehensive new detector for RHIC II physics …. (LBNL)?

2. presented at RHIC Planning Meeting BNL on 4 Dec 2003 Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Ideas for a Comprehensive New Detector for In-Depth Study of the QGP, Initial Conditions and Spin Physics at RHIC II R. Bellwied, J.W. Harris, N. Smirnov, P. Steinberg, B. Surrow, and T. Ullrich Statement of Interest document and Yale Workshop (April 16-17, 2004) at http://star.physics.yale.edu/users/harris/

3. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector

4. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector

5. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector PHOBOS BRAHMS Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Facility RHIC AuAu Design Parameters: Beam Energy = 100 GeV/u No. Bunches = 57 No. Ions /Bunch = 1  10 9 T store = 10 hours L ave = 2  10 26 cm -2 sec -1 RHIC AGS LINAC BOOSTER TANDEMS Pol. Proton Source High Int. Proton Source 9 GeV/u Q = +79 1 MeV/u Q = +32 HEP/NP  g-2 U-line BAF (NASA) STAR PHENIX RHIC II AuAu Parameters: Beam Energy = 100 GeV/u No. Bunches = 112 L ave = 8  10 27 cm -2 sec -1 RHIC II pp Parameters: Beam Energy = 250 GeV/u L ave = 5  10 32 cm -2 sec -1 RHIC pp Design Parameters: Beam Energy = 250 GeV/u L ave = 1.5  10 32 cm -2 sec -1

6. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Luminosities for AuAu at RHIC & PbPb at LHC  L dt (nb -1 ) RHIC 2x10 26 8x10 26 L (cm -2 s -1 ) RHIC: 14 weeks production/yr, 4 experiments LHC: 4 weeks production/yr, 2-3 experiments Design L by third year LHC 8x10 26 RHIC II: 14 weeks production/yr RHIC II ? 8x10 27  L dt (RHIC II) = 35  L dt (LHC) eRHIC / EIC (?)

7. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Questions about RHIC II Is there compelling physics at RHIC II (with LHC)? How to harvest effectively this physics? –Evaluate experimental capabilities / detector complement at RHIC II? –Funding (upgrades, R&D, new detectors)? Finally, how to convince colleagues outside the field? –Long-term competition and NSAC Long Range Plan (2006)? Other physics / questions? –Identify them and best solutions……..(just starting)

8. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector A Start at Addressing Questions about RHIC II Compelling physics at RHIC II! –Identify in detail properties of the QGP (as a function of multiple variables) Parton tomography of the QGP Melting of the “Onium” States [J/ ,  ’, Y(1s), Y(2s), Y(3s)] Collective flow effects Fluctuations (parity violation)? Two-photon HBT to determine the temperature of the QGP Others –Establish the initial conditions at low x (forward rapidities) Saturation / color glass condensate –Determine structure and dynamics of the proton Rare processes: sea polarization, parity-violating processes –Investigate details of QCD – exotic hadrons, glueballs 5-quarks, glueballs, others….. –Exotic or new effects? –Others?

9. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector How to Harvest this Physics? Utilize hard probes / large (p T, y) acceptance –Jets –High-p T PID particles –  -high-p T correlations – e + e -,  +   pairs for J/ , Y(1s), Y(2s), Y(3s) –e ,   determination for W  decays –Detailed low-x forward coverage (tracking, calorimetry) General Detector Requirements – ~4  EM + hadronic calorimetry (includes detailed forward coverage) – high resolution tracking (in large  B  dl and forward) – PID to p ~ 20-30 GeV/c (flavor tagging) – high rate DAQ and specialized triggering Experimental Approach & Possible Solution – Utilize (to extent possible) existing High Energy Magnet/components e.g. SLD, CDF, D0, H1, ….. – Build “smart”, fast, state-of-art detector components

10. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector d+Au R CP at forward rapidities p T [GeV/c] R CP Au-side R CP almost no variation with centrality d-side R CP interesting - central is most suppressed L.Barnby, STAR QM’04 STAR Preliminary FTPC Au-side d-side central

11. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector d Au Phenix Preliminary Hadrons

12. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector d Au Phenix Preliminary Hadrons

13. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector d Au Shadowing? Cronin effect & anti-shadowing? Stopped Hadrons! Phenix Preliminary

14. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Predictions from Theory for dAu and pAu Hard Scattering: I. Vitev nucl-th/0302002 v2 Y=0 Y=3 Y= -3 CGC at y=0 Very high energy As y grows Color Glass Condensate D. Kharzeev et al., PR D68:094013,2003

15. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Nuclear modifications in dAu at  = 3.2! RHI Physics at RHIC (II) in an LHC-era Saturation at low x (10 -3 )? RHIC in unique region! y cm  final state effects forward  initial state HERA  RHIC  LHC  eRHIC BRAHMS, R. Debbe (QM-2004) PRL 91 072305 (2003) LHC ions saturated (y cm )? LHC y cm RHIC y cm RHIC forward

16. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Measure QGP Properties & Shadowing/Saturation/CGC (low-x forward physics) with Hard Probes – some examples: –Measure modification of FF’s as parton traverses QGP via jets, photons, high-p T identified particles –Measure initial conditions (saturation) vs final state (parton E-loss) effects x-dependence – compare pA, AA, forward- vs mid-rapidities –Determine initial energy of the parton scattering for accurate E-loss via Photon-tag on opposite side (rates are low) –Measure flavor-dependence of jet quenching via  -jet,  -leading hadron, di-hadrons, di-jets (even lower rates) displaced vertices for D- and B-decays (reduced E-loss for heavy quarks) –Measure deconfinement via melting of the Y(1s), Y(2s) and Y(3s) states e and  identification –Collective flow (effects on every observable, time evolution) –Fluctuations (parity violation, always new ideas)? –Two-photon HBT to determine photon spectrum & temperature of the QGP Interesting RHI Physics at RHIC II

17. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Measure Polarization in Proton and Rare Processes with Hard Probes: –Heavy flavor production (polarized and unpolarized gluon distn’s) –Jet physics (for polarization in proton) –Electro-weak Physics (W+, W- decays for polarization of QCD sea) –Physics beyond the Standard Model (parity-violating interactions) Understanding Details of Strong Interactions (QCD) some examples in pp collisions (possibly AA): –Measure “composite” particle spectrum (pentaquarks, glueballs?) in 1–3 GeV mass range High statistics 2-, 3-, 4-particle correlations with PID in p T range up to 5 GeV/c and forward to large pseudo-rapidity Missing mass and energy measurements as well as quantum numbers (very forward) –Further search for the H di-baryon Interesting Polarized and Unpolarized pp Physics at RHIC II

18. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Detailed Study of the QGP and Initial Conditions F QGP (  g QGP ) = f initial (√s, A 1 +A 2, b, x 1, x 2, Q 2 )  f QGP (p T ,y ,  ,p T jet,y jet,  jet,flavor jet,  flow ) Probes –Jets –High p T identified (light-, s-, c-, b-quark) particles –photons –  -jet,  - high-p T identified particle, particle-particle, di-jets Use Hard Probes over Multi-Parameter Space: –Energy - √s –Geometry - system A 1 +A 2, impact parameter b –Rapidity (x-dependence) to forward angles –Transverse momentum of jet / leading particle –Particle type (flavor) –Orientation relative to flow plane (  flow ) –Photon-tag on opposite side

19. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Detailed “Tomography” of the QGP  /parton parton flow plane F QGP (  g QGP ) = f initial (√s, A 1 +A 2, b, x 1, x 2, Q 2 )  f QGP (p T ,y ,  ,p T jet,y jet,  jet,flavor jet,  flow )

20. Detailed QGP “Tomography”  parton parton  parton parton  parton parton  parton parton , parton parton  parton parton  jet  leading particle (light-, s-, c-, b-quark) jet leading particle (light-, s-, c-, b-quark) leading particle (light-, s-, c-, b-quark)  parton parton

21. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Modification of Fragmentation Function Induced Gluon Radiation Softens fragmentation Gyulassy et al., nucl-th/0302077

22. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Gyulassy RHIC II Workshop (4/16/04) Talk

23. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Gyulassy RHIC II Workshop (4/16/04) Talk

24. Two main jet physics categories for new detector Global medium modification measurements based on rate, tracking hermiticity and complete calorimetry (add: Gamma-jet and forward jet measurements) Determine jet energy and particle distribution with and without medium modification Determine gluon vs. quark jet distributions and medium modifications Specific medium modifications measurements based on particle identification, rate, hermiticity and completeness of jet (add: Identified leading and associated particles, full jet measurments in terms of energy and pid). Heavy quark energy loss through R(AA) and rapidity distribution Decouple effects of PDF and FF medium modifications based on identified particle distributions inside the jet. Determine energy loss mechanism from medium modification to different flavor partons Determine radiative vs. collisional energy loss as a function of jet characteristics R. Bellwied, RHIC II Workshop

25. We might push the envelope on the ‘reference system’, i.e. our measurements in the pp system will replace many basic jet property measurements by adding particle identification and coverage to the original measurements. –New insight in the relative importance of PDF and FF to the final state particle distribution. –New insight into the origin of the spin of the nucleon –New insight into gluon vs. valence quark vs. sea quark PDF –New insight into the parton to hadron fragmentation functions based on better pid measurements Bottomline: The goal is to characterize the features of in- medium QCD compared to in-vacuum QCD. Along the way we learn about the medium and we learn about fragmentation and hadronization. This program is complementary to the LHC main physics goals. …and let’s not forget… R. Bellwied, RHIC II Workshop

26. Long range vs. short range gluon radiation Quark jet vs. gluon jet medium modification Impact of flavor dependence of parton distribution on medium modification Understanding leading particle asymmetries and their modifications Modifications to identified particle correlations in jet Different medium modifications to different particle fragmentation functions? Are heavy quarks different in medium than light quarks? Fundamental questions of in-medium vs. vacuum QCD properties that can be answered with specific jet measurements R. Bellwied, RHIC II Workshop

27. Question: do heavy quarks (charm, bottom) lose energy similar to light quarks ? Dead cone effect ? Example: Heavy Quark Energy Loss Exclusive jet tagging: –High- p T lepton (B→Dl ) & displaced vertex –Hadronic decay (ex.D 0  K -  + ) & displaced vertex Ratio D/hadrons (or D/  0 ) enhanced and sensitive to medium properties. R. Bellwied, RHIC II Workshop

28. Nuclear modification of heavy quark fragmentation function (e.g. nucl- th/0205064) R. Bellwied, RHIC II Workshop

29. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Flavor-tagged Phenomena Strange and charmed hadron/antihadron asymmetry –Leading particle effect (e.g. E791, hep-ex/0009016) Intra-jet strange hadron production –Difference in gluon and quark jets (e.g. OPAL, hep-ex/9805025) Fragmentation function parametrizations for heavy hadrons –Flavor quenching, dead cone effects (e.g. hep-ph/0106202) Additional production mechanisms for s,c,b hadrons –Recombination or gluon radiation (e.g. nucl-th/0306027) Transverse and longitudinal  polarization –Disappearance in AA (e.g. nucl-th/0110027) General Jet Phenomena Rapidity gaps between jets –Difference between quark and gluon jets (e.g. hep-ph/9911240) Jet like contributions outside the jet cone (pp, pA, AA) –‘pedestal effect’, small vs. large angle gluon radiation (e.g. Stewart, PRD42 (1990) 1385, hep-ph/0303121) Measure Other Modifications in pp vs pA vs AA

30. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector PYTHIA prediction agrees well with the inclusive  0 cross section at  3-4 Dominant sources of large x F   production from: q + g  q + g (2  2)    + X q + g  q + g + g (2  3)    + X g+g and q+g  q+g+g q+g Soft processes PYTHIA: a guide to the physics (L. Bland, RHICII Workshop 4/17/04) Forward Inclusive   Cross-Section: Subprocesses involved: q  g g qg  STAR FPD

31. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Relativistic Heavy Ions –Jets, high p T leading particles: Excellent  p/p up to p T = 40 GeV/c (y cm ) Electromagnetic / hadronic calorimetry over ~4  phase space Particle identification out to high p T (p ~ 20-30 GeV/c) hadron ( ,K,p) and lepton (e/h,  /h) separation central and forward –Flavor dependence: Precision vertex tracking (displaced vertices c/b-decays) –Onium: Large solid angle coverage for e and  High rate (40kHz) detectors, readout, DAQ, trigger capabilities. Detector Requirements from RHI Physics

32. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Spin (polarized pp) –Heavy Quark Production (gluon polarization): e ,   detection open beauty production as probe of gluon polarization leading order diagram for heavy quark production in gg-fusion: –QCD (especially jet physics, gluon polarization): jet reconstruction (EM + hadron calorimetry) single-photon detection (  /π o separation), b/c-tagging leading order diagrams for gluon-initiated jets: –Electroweak Physics (QCD sea polarization via W  ): W   e ,   + X requires forward e and  detection, no away-side jet e,  triggers large forward acceptance –Physics beyond the Standard Model (parity violating processes): e and  detection, jet reconstruction, b/c-tagging, missing energy Detector Requirements from Spin Physics

33. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Full acceptance in barrel and forward/backward region (0 < |  | < 3-4) –Tracking –High-rate capabilites (pixel, silicon and GEM-type detectors) –Precision inner vertex detector system - secondary vertex reconstruction, momentum resolution –Large  B  dl, B ~ 1.5 T over 2 m. –Particle Identification – , K, p to ~20-30 GeV/c –precision inner vertex detector system - secondary vertex reconstruction, momentum resolution –Electromagnetic and hadronic energy –transverse and longitudinal tower segmentation (for jet reconstruction and electron/hadron separation). Specialized calorimeter / tracking beyond |  |~4 at small x for E missing  system in barrel and forward/backward region for heavy flavors Large  B  dl, B ~ 1.5 T over 2 m. Precise relative luminosity measurement at high-rates Local polarimeter & absolute luminosity measurement High rate DAQ, triggering for rare processes, secondary-vertex trigger Detector Specification

34. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Re-cycle existing equipment –Utilize detector components from other collider experiments that are decommissioned, or will be in the near future, e.g. SLD, CDF, D0, CLEO –Should be possible to identify and procure existing high field magnet and a large amount of electromagnetic and/or hadronic calorimetry. Build new fast detectors, electronics, DAQ, triggers –New technologies, tracking, PID, electronics, DAQ, triggering Our Approach CDFD0CLEOALEPHSLD Magnet1.4T,SC2.0T,SC1.5T,SC 1.5T-upg-SC R in m1.50.551.452.482.8 L in m4.82.73.57.0 Bdl2.11.02.03.754.2 HCalFe/Sc, 0.78/√E LiquidAr, 0.62/√E NoFET str tube 0.65/√E FET str tube 0.85/√E EMCPb/Sc, 0.13/√E LiquidAr, 0.15/√E CsI crys, 0.03/√E Pb/W, 0.18/√E LiquidAr, 0.15/√E  detector yes Decommis- sioned ? 20092007-092007yes

35. Y X R = 2.8 m SLD magnet, hadronic cal. +  -chambers |  | < 3 (depth = 15 x (5 + 5) cm, r  = 0.3 cm,  z = 3 cm) π/K/p (1-30 GeV/c) PID: Gas RICH (C5F12) with Spherical Mirror Read-out: CsI pads sensitive to UV and MIP AeroGel Cherenkov Detectors with two values of N SC Magnet Coil, 1.5 T EMC: Crystals + Fe(Pb)/Sc (accordion type, projective) or LAr 6x6 mrad towers Additional Tracking: Si Vertex, 4 Pad Detectors in Barrel and End Caps (  -pattern) Si + Pad Detectors Forward dZ = 3.0 m 3-6 layers Si-strip detectors or mini-TPC ToF RPC’s R = 2.8 m A Proof of Principle

36. Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Detector Coverage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 12. 14. 16 18. p (GeV/c) A1+ToF A1+A2+RICH RICH ToF PID ( , K, p) Calorimetry & μ-detector: -3 < η < +3 Tracking: -3 < η < 4.5 PID: = -1.2 < η < 3

37. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Tracking Detectors under Consideration Tracking Detectors in Barrel Simulation Detector R position half-length Sigma-r  Sigma-Z Thickness (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) Vertex detector[1][1] 1. APS 1 2.8 9.6 0.001 0.001 0.02 or 2 4.3 12. Si Pixel 3 6.5 21. 4 10.5 27. Main tracker 2a. Si strip 1 19. 39. 0.003 0.03 0.03 2-sided 2 24.5 42. 3. 31. 45. 4. 38.5 51. 5. 46. 57. 6. 56. 60. or 2b. miniTPC 22.5 – 60. 55. 0.012 0.035 0.2 Mylar + Gas (35 pad rows with 0.2x0.8 pad size) High p T tracker 3. Micro-pattern pad detector 1. 70. 76. 0.17 0.17 0.3 G10 + 2. 115. 110. 0.01 0.9 1.Gas + 3. 135. 130. 0.01 1.2 0.05 Mylar 4. 170. 165. 0.01 1.4 [1][1] Only two vertex detector layers were used in the track reconstruction of this simulation. These were Si pixels of 20  100  m 2 size at 6.5 and 10.5 cm radii.

38. What is needed to extend forward measurements significantly Extend p t reach to ~6 GeV/c for inclusive spectra. Kinematic limit restricts such measurements to  ~2-3.5 Momenta and PID determination in range of 20-60 GeV/c Videbaek – Yale RHIC II Workshop 4/16/04

39. GEANT simulation was started for the “SLD-like” set up All materials and detector resolution parameters: “reasonable and conservative” N. Smirnov, RHIC II Physics and Perspectives for a New Comprehensive Detector Workshop Solenoid with Bz = 1.5T; {toroidal field, lamp-shape field, …} 6 planes Si tracker Calorimeter R Z Y X +/-3.5 m 1.6 m μ-detector η = 1. η = 2. η = 3.45 η = 4.2 R = 3. m Bz = 1.5 T

40. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Momentum Resolution dPt/Pt, % Pt, GeV/c dPt/Pt, % Pt, GeV/c IηI < 0.8 0.8<IηI < 1.6 IηI > 2.2 IηIIηI Pt = 10. GeV/c Pt = 2. GeV/c 5. 10. 20. 30. 2. 4. 8. 12. 10 1 1 40 1 2 3 Pad detectors only all tracking detectors

41. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Detector parameters to consider: –Particle identification (PID) reach in momentum –Pseudo-rapidity coverage –Detector resolutions: momentum, energy, two-track –Data acquisition (DAQ) rate A new comprehensive detector would be superior to: –Upgraded STAR in terms of resolution, PID, coverage (inc. calorimetry), rate –Upgraded PHENIX in terms of PID, coverage (inc. calorimetry) –ALICE in terms of PID, coverage, resolution, statistics/operation (pp, pA?, AA) –CMS in terms of PID, statistics/operation (pp, pA?, AA) Detector Parameter Considerations for Detector Comparisons

42. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Fast tracking detectors complement fast PID, calorimetry –40x improvement in DAQ rate compared to STAR High resolution EM calorimeter and  chambers –allows resolution of all Y states Near 4  coverage in tracking, PID, calorimetry –20x improvement in heavy quark probes compared to PHENIX (> 20,000 Y per RHIC year, and still > 3000 Y(3s)) PID out to 20-30 GeV/c over ~4  with high two-track resolution tracking –Measure actual jet physics rather than leading particle physics Particle identify all particles in jet Measure intra-jet correlations between identified hadrons in jet –Direct heavy flavor tagging of jets via leading particle reconstruction  -jet measurements with away-side spectrum out to 20 GeV/c (20 weeks at 40L o ) –p T = 10 GeV/c2.6 M events - p T = 15 GeV/c260 K events –p T = 20 GeV/c30 K events Various Aspects of Detector  Extend the Physics Reach

43. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Quarkonium Measurements at RHIC AA –Goal: suppression as a signature of deconfinement in a QGP –Thermometer for early stages: T dis (  ’) < T dis (  (3S)) < T dis (J/  )  T dis (  (2S)) < T dis (  (1S)) pp –Interesting in its own right no nuclear effects (production pure) close  s gap (fixed target  CDF,D0) –baseline for pA, AA –Spin:  G via J/  pA –necessary to understand nuclear effects x F, x 1, x 2 dependence –Rates for rare processes increases by A  compared to pp

44. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Quarkonium Measurements at RHIC Decay modes:  1S, 2S),  (1S, 2S)  ℓ  ℓ   c  J/  b      –clean trigger –experiments have usually higher statistics than e  e  –not the best when low p T is important e  e  –trigger hard for J/  (no problem for  ) –larger background than    

45. Requirements for 3 rd Generation Detector High Rate Large acceptance  rate + x F coverage Pythia 6.2

46. Requirements for 3 rd Generation Detector   J/  measurements require:  highly granular E.M Calorimeter at least at mid- rapidity  probably only feasible in pp, pA, peripheral AA need simulations here  large acceptance Reduce hadronic background  high e/h possible with good calorimetry and PID up to 10-20 GeV/c  situation better for muons anyhow Good measure of reaction plane  easy with ZDC+SMD T. Ullrich, RHIC II Workshop 4/16/04

47. Rates at RHIC-II Assume here:  large acceptance (|  |<3)  one channel only (e + e  or     )  RHIC-II: L = 5·10 32 cm -2 s -1 (pp) L = 7-9·10 27 cm -2 s -1 = 7-9 mb -1 s -1 (AuAu) hadr. min bias: 7200 mb 8 mb -1 s -1 = 58 kHz 30 weeks, 50% efficiency   Ldt = 80 nb -1 100% reconstruction efficiency   AA =  pp (AB)  T. Ullrich, RHIC II Workshop 4/16/04

48. Rates at RHIC-II Au+Au min bias rates  R(J/  ) = 27 Hz  R(  ’) = 1 Hz  R(  (1S)) = 0.01701 Hz  R(  (2S)) = 0.00297 Hz  R(  (3S)) = 0.00324 Hz Au+Au, 30 weeks 50% efficiency  2.7·10 8 J/   1·10 7  ’  170100  (1S)  29700  (2S)  32400  (3S) pp  lose factor (AB)   gain L pp /L AA ~ 60,000 T. Ullrich, RHIC II Workshop 4/16/04   e+e- (1S) (2S) full scale simulation / reconstruction (3S)

49. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Need Open Charm Measurement SPS  s = 17 GeV RHIC  s = 200 GeV At RHIC open charm production provides reference and is perhaps the only way to understand charmonium suppression (same gluon conditions in the initial stage)

50. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Quarkonia Summary In terms of quarkonia physics RHIC-II is not too far behind LHC   (LHC)/  (RHIC) = 9 (GRV-HO) – 25 (MRS-D1)  RHIC-II: 5  higher L  RHIC: > 5 times longer running T. Ullrich, Yale Workshop 4/2004 Measuring “just” J/  is not enough to extract a physically meaningful result  AA, pp, pA as function of p T, x F, centrality, reaction plane A 3 rd generation detector and RHIC-II luminosity provide a world class measurement in pp, pA, AA Sufficient statistics to allow the study of production vs. p T, x F, centrality, reaction plane Quarkonia in polarized pp might open a whole new opportunity unique to RHIC (I know too little about it for this talk)

51. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Forward Physics at RHIC-II in p  +p  (transverse & longitudinal) and p  (d)+nucleus ‘hard scattering’ particle correlations spanning large rapidity difference o flavor tagging of partonic scattering o longitudinal/transverse spin effects, selected on Bjorken x values of colliding partons o probe rapidity dependence of saturation scale Large rapidity Drell-Yan (electroweak probes) o quantify Sivers function (parton orbital angular momentum in proton) o probe gluon saturation from Les Bland Talk at RHIC II Workshop 4/16/04

52. p+p (200 GeV)  X + W +/-  e(μ) +/- + ν A B A A B B Pt, GeV/c Rapidity dPt/Pt {e+} {μ+} N. Smirnov, RHIC II Physics and Perspectives for a New Comprehensive Detector Workshop 40 20 10 0 112 Sigma of dPt/Pt ~3.% ~6.% in a case p+p (500 GeV) PYTHIA event generator Case A: |η| < 1.2 Case B: |η| = 1.2 - 2.4

53.  – HBT possibility There is space to install a few miniTPCs ( 15 pad rows, 0.2x0.8 cm² pad size, 45 cm maximum drift distance) with a ~1. X 0 photon convertor in a front (removable). A: GEANT & TPC response & reconstruction. B: & Eloss, scattering C: & all EM interactions Y X A B C ~0.3 deg~0.5 deg photon angle resolution dS/R N. Smirnov, RHIC II Physics and Perspectives for a New Comprehensive Detector Workshop

54. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector What we still need to know Is the produced matter a thermalized Quark-Gluon Plasma? If yes, what are its properties ? Confirm that the observed high p T suppression is indeed due to the parton radiative energy loss Study the dependence on the quark mass; induced QCD radiation is suppressed for heavy quarks (“dead cone” effect in the medium) => smaller quenching for the charm/beauty jets; different jet shapes Kharzeev, Yale Workshop 4/2004 Are effects observed at forward rapidity due to parton saturation in the CGC? Back-to-back correlations for jets separated by several units of rapidity are very sensitive to the evolution effects (A.H.Mueller,H.Navelet, ’87) & to the presence of CGC (DK, E.Levin,L.McLerran, hep-ph/0403271) Open charm, dileptons, photons (DK, K.Tuchin, hep-ph/0310..) in the forward region

55. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector What else is interesting at RHIC II Diffractive production, especially double diffractive production at central rapidity very intriguing effects observed at CERN, (WA102 ‘97, F. Close, A. Kirk, hep-ph/9701222) possibly related to QCD anomalies: (J. Ellis, DK, hep-ph/9811222) (E. Shuryak and I. Zahed, hep-ph/0302231) use A and Z dependence of the production cross sections to discriminate between (mostly) glueball and quark states! Kharzeev, Yale Workshop 4/2004 Spin physics: access the sea polarization by looking at the target fragmentation region difficult in fixed target expts, but very interesting effects (e.g., strong L polarization in n DIS) have been observed (WA59, …) and related to the sea quark polarization: (J. Ellis, DK, A. Kotzinian, hep-ph/9506280; … ) these studies can give information on the spin correlations of partons in the nucleon

56. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector M. Gyulassy (nucl-th/0403032)

57. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector M. Gyulassy (nucl-th/0403032)

58. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Gyulassy RHIC II Workshop (4/16/04) Talk

59. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Gyulassy RHIC II Workshop (4/16/04) Talk

60. Heavy Ion Tea, LBNL, Berkeley CA, 4/27/04Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Unique physics at RHIC II complementary with LHC –Detailed QGP tomography –Fragmentation in-medium and in vacuum for light and heavy quarks, gluons –Onium suppression –Saturation vs. CGC –Rare processes in spin physics –Other? - must still develop this case! Comprehensive new detector system can harvest this physics –Proof of principle (full x,  and p T range for all flavors) –Maximize physics output from RHIC II – must still develop this case! Detailed simulations to optimize detector configuration –continuing! Forming exploratory working group! Interest in community (to be developed!) –Next generation of RHI physics in U.S. –More theoretical input / guidance –Experimental interest? –Comments Summary

61. presented at RHIC Planning Meeting BNL on 4 Dec 2003 Comprehensive RHIC II Detector Ideas for a Comprehensive New Detector for In-Depth Study of the QGP, Initial Conditions and Spin Physics at RHIC II R. Bellwied, J.W. Harris, N. Smirnov, P. Steinberg, B. Surrow, and T. Ullrich Statement of Interest document and Yale Workshop (April 16-17, 2004) at http://star.physics.yale.edu/users/harris/