1. { The Language of Poetry

2.  The poet’s choice of words  A good poem carries meaning on both a literal and abstract level Diction

3.  Again, it is not just enough to identify a metaphor or simile. What matters is your ability to analyze and explain its function Metaphors and Similes

4.  A single metaphor developed at length. Extended Metaphor

5.  A single metaphor developed at length. Extended Metaphor

6.  A figure of speech that communicates a second meaning along with its literal meaning  Be prepared to determine how symbols contribute to a poem’s meaning and effect Symbol

7.  Words or phrases that refer to something that can be seen, heard, tasted, smelled. Or touched  Usual literal and concrete Imagery

8.  When poets assign human characteristics to nonhuman objects Personification

9.  A figure of speech that substitutes a word or phrase that relates to a thing for the thing itself  White House  “The crown will find an heir” Metonymy

10.  This is when you substitute a part for a whole  “saving my skin”  Wheels  Toll for the brave!/The brave that are no more,/All sunk beneath the wave Synecdoche

11.  A historical, literary, or cultural reference to a person, place, or event  Once you recognize the source, grasp the intent Allusion

12.  A story or vignette that, like a metaphor, has both a literal and a figurative meaning Allegory

13.  A phrase that seems contradictory or incompatible with reality  Eloquent silence  Jumbo shrimp Oxymoron

14.  An apparently self-contradictory statement that under scrutiny makes perfect sense  If you find this on the exam, start looking for the presence of subtexts and implied meaning  “I must be cruel only to be kind” Paradox

15.  Saying less than one means or using resraint in an ironic contrast to what might be said Understatement

16.  A form of understatement in a which a positive fact is stated by denying a negative one  That soup wasn’t bad! Litote

17.  An exaggeration used by poets to intensify emotions, values, features, weather, etc  ‘ll love you, dear, I’ll love you/Till China and Africa meet,? And the river jumps over the mountain/And the salmon sing in the street  It’s a slow burg—I spent a couple of weeks there one day Hyperbole