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ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 7 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PART B The Nervous System
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protection of the Central Nervous System Scalp and skin Skull and vertebral column Meninges Figure 7.16a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protection of the Central Nervous System Cerebrospinal fluid Blood brain barrier Figure 7.16a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Meninges Dura mater Outer layer – touch, “durable” covering Arachnoid layer Middle layer - web-like Pia mater Internal layer - clings to brain’s surface
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cerebrospinal Fluid Similar to blood plasma Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain Circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ventricles and Location of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Figure 7.17a–b
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ventricles and Location of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Figure 7.17c
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regions of the Brain Cerebrum Brain stem Cerebellum Figure 7.12b
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) The surface is made of: ridges (gyri) grooves (sulci) Figure 7.13a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lobes of the Cerebrum Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes Frontal lobe (intellect, motor, creativity, personality) Parietal lobe (sensory, interpretation) Occipital lobe (vision) Temporal lobe (auditory)
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lobes of the Cerebrum Figure 7.15a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Somatic sensory – receives impulses from sensory receptors (anterior parietal lobe) Primary motor – sends impulses to skeletal muscles (posterior frontal lobe) Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak (left side….between frontal and temporal lobe)
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Figure 7.14
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Figure 7.13c
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Layers of the Cerebrum Gray matter (cortex) Outer layer Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies Cell bodies – processing! Figure 7.13a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Layers of the Cerebrum White matter Fiber tracts inside the gray matter Transfers information! Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres Figure 7.13a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diencephalon Sits on top of the brain stem Composed of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thalamus Thalamus – relays sensory impulses to the correct part of cerebral cortex for interpretation. Hypothalamus – regulates body temperature, water balance and metabolism. Important in drives and emotions (sex, pain, pleasure). Also houses pituitary gland (major hormones) Epithalamus – forms cerebrospinal fluid
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Brain Stem Attaches to the spinal cord Parts of the brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Midbrain Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers (conducts signals) Reflex centers for vision and hearing
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pons The bulging center part of the brain stem Mostly composed of fiber tracts for conducting signals Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Medulla Oblongata The lowest part of the brain stem Merges into the spinal cord Includes important fiber tracts Contains control centers for: Heart rate control Blood pressure regulation Breathing Swallowing Vomiting
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cerebellum Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces Provides involuntary coordination of body movements
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