1. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Sources of Data from the Robotic Missions Geography 441/541 S/15 Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue

2. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions Mariner 4: 1964 flyby mission So much for a nice, Earthlike planet Magnetometer showed no magnetic field (team thought instrument buggy) Occultation of spacecraft by Mars showed a really thin atmosphere First image showed a cloud, thought impossible (maybe a lens crack)

3. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions Mariner 4: 1964 flyby So much for a nice, Earthlike planet Craters up the wazoo: Mars looked like the Moon First topographic maps One dead, bleak, battered planet

4. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions Mariner 6 and 7: 1969 flyby mission and first dual mission Again, Mars is pretty disappointing Both S/C flew over heavily cratered terrain They both missed the big volcanoes and Valles Marineris Dark areas were no canals Dead, dry Mars

5. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions USSR Mars 3 orbiter/lander/rover First successful orbiter/lander combination Orbiter achieved unintended very elliptical orbit but survived Active 8 months (12/71 – 8/72): 60 images, many discoveries Lander worked for 15”: sent 1 image Rover died with lander Again, Mars is pretty disappointing Dead, dry Mars

6. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions USSR Mars 4 S/C fails orbit insertion and becomes unintended flyby It does return some pictures Dead, dry Mars

7. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Mariner 9 First successful orbiter (11/71 – 10/72) Active for ~1 year Arrived during huge global dust storm Saw Olympus Mons emerge from the dust Photomapped 100% of Mars Still basis of Mars maps (MDIM)

8. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Mariner 9 First successful orbiter First glimpse of possible river valleys

9. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Mariner 9 First successful orbiter First image of Valles Marineris

10. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Mariner 9 First successful orbiter Imaged Phobos and Deimos

11. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions USSR Mars 5 orbiter Failure in orbit insertion It did send back several images

12. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions USSR Mars 5 orbiter Failure in orbit insertion It did send back several images

13. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Orbiter

14. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Color image of Olympus Mons

15. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Water flow into Chryse around Dromond Crater and breaking into the crater and through it

16. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Fractured terrain in northern plains, similar to terrestrial polygon processes only much larger These are about 5-10 km apart

17. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Pedestal craters

18. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Lava flow from Arsia Mons 1500 km away floods older cratered landscape Illustrates “crater-rating” method of relative chronology

19. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Cirrus clouds, bigger’n beans!

20. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Cyclone in northern plains

21. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Stereo pairs as one way to estimate elevation

22. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Parana Valles in Margaritifer Sinus Check out the dendritic drainage!

23. C.M. Rodrigue, 2015 Geography, CSULB Mars: Data from Robotic Missions NASA Viking 1976-1982 Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 Dust trapped in Kaiser Crater Creates a dune field